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المفردات المتقدمة للاختبار TOEFL - علم التشريح البشري

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية حول الأسرة والعلاقات، مثل "saliva" و"canine" و"lobe" وما إلى ذلك، وهي الكلمات اللازمة لامتحان TOEFL.

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بطاقات الفلاش

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الهجاء

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اختبار قصير

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
trachea

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

القصبة الهوائية

القصبة الهوائية

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respiration

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

التنفس

التنفس

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larynx

(anatomy) the hollow organ in the throat that contains the vocal cords and provides an air passage to the lungs

الحنجرة

الحنجرة

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saliva

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

لعاب

لعاب

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taste bud

any of the group of sensory cells that are mainly on the tongue, making one recognize different tastes

براعم التذوق

براعم التذوق

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incisor

(anatomy) any of the eight narrow-edged teeth at the front of the mouth that are used for biting

القواطع

القواطع

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enamel

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

مينا الأسنان

مينا الأسنان

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nostril

either of the two external openings of the nose that one breathes through

خرطوم

خرطوم

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nasal

(anatomy) connected with the nose

أنفي

أنفي

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phlegm

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

بلغم

بلغم

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scalp

the skin under one's hair, covering the head

فروة الرأس

فروة الرأس

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sinus

(anatomy) any hollow tract in the bones of the face or the skull that is connected to the nasal cavities

تجويف

تجويف

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lobe

(anatomy) a rounded part of an organ, such as, lungs or brain that seems to be separate in some way from the rest

فص

فص

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cortex

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

قشرة المخ

قشرة المخ

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pupil

(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters

بؤبؤ

بؤبؤ

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iris

(anatomy) the round colored portion of the eye around the pupil and behind the cornea

قزحية

قزحية

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retina

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

شبكية العين

شبكية العين

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cornea

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

قرنية

قرنية

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eardrum

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

غشاء الطبل

غشاء الطبل

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trunk

the body of an animal or human, except the limbs and head

جذع

جذع

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abdomen

the lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs

بطن

بطن

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bile

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

صفراء

صفراء

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bladder

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

المثانة

المثانة

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gland

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

غدة

غدة

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pancreas

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

البنكرياس

البنكرياس

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spleen

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

الطحال

الطحال

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colon

(anatomy) the main part of the large intestine, between the caecum to the rectum, where water is removed from solid waste

قولون

قولون

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bowel

(usually plural) the tube in the body through which digested food passes from the stomach to the anus

الأمعاء

الأمعاء

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pelvis

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

الحوض

الحوض

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womb

the part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth

رحم

رحم

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cervix

(anatomy) the narrow outer opening of the womb or uterus of a female

عنق الرحم

عنق الرحم

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uterus

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

رحم

رحم

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ovary

either of the two organs in women or female animals that produce eggs for reproduction

مِبْيض

مِبْيض

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urethra

(anatomy) the tube in most mammals that carries urine out of the body, which also carries sperm in males

الإحليل

الإحليل

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renal

relating to the kidneys or their function

كُلَوِيّ

كُلَوِيّ

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intestinal

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

معوي

معوي

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canine

(anatomy) any of the four pointed teeth that are between the incisors and premolars, used for tearing food

الأنياب

الأنياب

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antibody

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

أجسام مضادة

أجسام مضادة

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bone marrow

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

نخاع العظام

نخاع العظام

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