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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Anatomía Humana

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la familia y las relaciones, como "saliva", "canine", "lobe", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

Revisión

Tarjetas de memoria

Ortografía

Cuestionario

Empezar a aprender
Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
trachea
trachea
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

tráquea

tráquea

Ex: Inhaling smoke or irritants can cause inflammation of the trachea, leading to symptoms such as coughing and wheezing. 

Inhalar humo o irritantes puede causar inflamación de la tráquea, lo que lleva a síntomas como tos y sibilancias.

respiration
respiration
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

respiración

respiración

Ex: Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the bloodstream during the process of respiration. 

El oxígeno se transporta desde los pulmones al torrente sanguíneo durante el proceso de respiración.

larynx
larynx
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the hollow organ in the throat that contains the vocal cords and provides an air passage to the lungs

laringe

laringe

Ex: Inflammation of the larynx, known as laryngitis, can cause hoarseness or loss of voice. 

La inflamación de la laringe, conocida como laringitis, puede causar ronquera o pérdida de la voz.

saliva
saliva
[Sustantivo]

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

saliva

saliva

Ex: The saliva test provided valuable information about the individual's hormone levels and overall health. 
taste bud
taste bud
[Sustantivo]

any of the group of sensory cells that are mainly on the tongue, making one recognize different tastes

papila gustativa

papila gustativa

Ex: Smoking can dull taste buds over time, affecting a person's ability to perceive flavors accurately. 

Fumar puede embotar las papilas gustativas con el tiempo, afectando la capacidad de una persona para percibir los sabores con precisión.

incisor
incisor
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) any of the eight narrow-edged teeth at the front of the mouth that are used for biting

incisivo

incisivo

Ex: The orthodontist recommended braces to correct the misalignment of her incisors. 

El ortodoncista recomendó frenos para corregir la desalineación de sus incisivos.

enamel
enamel
[Sustantivo]

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

esmalte

esmalte

Ex: Brushing and flossing regularly help to maintain enamel health and prevent dental problems. 

Cepillarse y usar hilo dental regularmente ayuda a mantener la salud del esmalte y a prevenir problemas dentales.

nostril
nostril
[Sustantivo]

either of the two external openings of the nose that one breathes through

orificio nasal, fosa nasal

orificio nasal, fosa nasal

Ex: She felt a tickle in her nostril as the cold air hit her face. 

Sintió un cosquilleo en su fosa nasal cuando el aire frío le golpeó la cara.

nasal
nasal
[Adjetivo]

(anatomy) connected with the nose

nasal

nasal

Ex: Nasal sprays can provide relief from sinus congestion and inflammation. 

Los sprays nasales pueden aliviar la congestión y la inflamación de los senos paranasales.

phlegm
phlegm
[Sustantivo]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

flema

flema

Ex: Smoking can exacerbate phlegm production and lead to chronic bronchitis and respiratory problems. 

Fumar puede exacerbar la producción de flema y provocar bronquitis crónica y problemas respiratorios.

scalp
scalp
[Sustantivo]

the skin under one's hair, covering the head

cuero cabelludo

cuero cabelludo

Ex: He felt a tingling sensation on his scalp as the hairstylist applied the dye. 

Sintió una sensación de hormigueo en su cuero cabelludo cuando el estilista aplicó el tinte.

sinus
sinus
[Sustantivo]

an air-filled cavity, especially within the bones of the skull

seno

seno

Ex: The frontal sinus is located above the eyes. 

El seno frontal se encuentra encima de los ojos.

lobe
lobe
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) a rounded part of an organ, such as, lungs or brain that seems to be separate in some way from the rest

lóbulo

lóbulo

Ex: Damage to the temporal lobe can affect memory, hearing, and language comprehension. 

El daño al lóbulo temporal puede afectar la memoria, la audición y la comprensión del lenguaje.

cortex
cortex
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

corteza, córtex

corteza, córtex

Ex: Damage to the motor cortex can result in paralysis or weakness on the opposite side of the body. 

El daño al córtex motor puede resultar en parálisis o debilidad en el lado opuesto del cuerpo.

pupil
pupil
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters

pupila

pupila

Ex: The ophthalmologist observed an abnormality in the size and shape of the patient's pupils. 

El oftalmólogo observó una anomalía en el tamaño y la forma de las pupilas del paciente.

iris
iris
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the round colored portion of the eye around the pupil and behind the cornea

iris

iris

Ex: The muscles within the iris contract or relax to adjust the size of the pupil in response to changes in light intensity. 

Los músculos dentro del iris se contraen o relajan para ajustar el tamaño de la pupila en respuesta a los cambios en la intensidad de la luz.

retina
retina
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

retina

retina

Ex: The macula is a small area near the center of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. 

La mácula es un área pequeña cerca del centro de la retina responsable de la visión central nítida.

cornea
cornea
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

córnea

córnea

Ex: The cornea lacks blood vessels, obtaining nutrients and oxygen directly from tears and aqueous humor. 

La córnea carece de vasos sanguíneos, obteniendo nutrientes y oxígeno directamente de las lágrimas y el humor acuoso.

eardrum
eardrum
[Sustantivo]

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

tímpano

tímpano

Ex: The eardrum is crucial for transmitting sound vibrations from the outer ear to the middle ear ossicles. 

El tímpano es crucial para transmitir las vibraciones sonoras desde el oído externo hasta los huesecillos del oído medio.

trunk
trunk
[Sustantivo]

the body of an animal or human, except the limbs and head

tronco

tronco

Ex: The trunk of the human body contains vital organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, and intestines, protected by layers of muscle and tissue. 

El tronco del cuerpo humano contiene órganos vitales como el corazón, los pulmones, el hígado y los intestinos, protegidos por capas de músculo y tejido.

abdomen
abdomen
[Sustantivo]

the lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs

abdomen, vientre

abdomen, vientre

Ex: The surgeon made a precise incision in the lower abdomen to access the site of the appendicitis. 

El cirujano hizo una incisión precisa en el abdomen inferior para acceder al sitio de la apendicitis.

bile
bile
[Sustantivo]

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

bilis

bilis

Ex: Bile salts in bile help emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by enzymes. 

Las sales biliares en la bilis ayudan a emulsionar las grasas, descomponiéndolas en gotas más pequeñas que pueden ser digeridas más fácilmente por las enzimas.

bladder
bladder
[Sustantivo]

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

vejiga

vejiga

Ex: The bladder can hold up to 600 milliliters of urine. 

La vejiga puede contener hasta 600 mililitros de orina.

gland
gland
[Sustantivo]

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

glándula

glándula

Ex: He felt a lump near his neck and went to the doctor, who diagnosed it as an enlarged lymph gland. 

Sintió un bulto cerca del cuello y fue al médico, quien lo diagnosticó como una glándula linfática agrandada.

pancreas
pancreas
[Sustantivo]

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

páncreas

páncreas

Ex: Insulin and glucagon, hormones produced by the pancreas, help regulate blood sugar levels by controlling the uptake and release of glucose. 

La insulina y el glucagón, hormonas producidas por el páncreas, ayudan a regular los niveles de azúcar en la sangre controlando la absorción y liberación de glucosa.

spleen
spleen
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

bazo

bazo

Ex: In some animals, such as dogs, the spleen can contract and release stored blood in times of need, such as during exercise or in response to injury. 

En algunos animales, como los perros, el bazo puede contraerse y liberar sangre almacenada en momentos de necesidad, como durante el ejercicio o en respuesta a una lesión.

colon
colon
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the main part of the large intestine, between the caecum to the rectum, where water is removed from solid waste

colon

colon

Ex: The colon is divided into several segments, including the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. 

El colon se divide en varios segmentos, incluyendo el colon ascendente, colon transverso, colon descendente y colon sigmoide.

bowel
bowel
[Sustantivo]

(usually plural) the tube in the body through which digested food passes from the stomach to the anus

intestino

intestino

Ex: Inflammatory bowel disease includes conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. 

La enfermedad inflamatoria del intestino incluye afecciones como la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerosa.

pelvis
pelvis
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

pelvis

pelvis

Ex: In females, the pelvis is wider and shallower compared to males, allowing for childbirth and accommodating the reproductive organs. 

En las hembras, la pelvis es más ancha y menos profunda en comparación con los machos, lo que permite el parto y alberga los órganos reproductivos.

womb
womb
[Sustantivo]

the part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth

matriz, útero

matriz, útero

Ex: She felt a sense of awe as she watched the ultrasound images of her baby moving within her womb. 

Ella sintió una sensación de asombro al ver las imágenes de ultrasonido de su bebé moviéndose dentro de su útero.

cervix
cervix
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the narrow outer opening of the womb or uterus of a female

cuello del útero

cuello del útero

Ex: Pap smears are used to screen for cervical cancer by collecting cells from the surface of the cervix for analysis. 

Las pruebas de Papanicolaou se utilizan para detectar el cáncer de cuello uterino mediante la recolección de células de la superficie del cuello uterino para su análisis.

uterus
uterus
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

útero, matriz

útero, matriz

Ex: Ultrasound imaging can show the position of the fetus inside the uterus. 

La ecografía puede mostrar la posición del feto dentro del útero.

ovary
ovary
[Sustantivo]

either of the two organs in women or female animals that produce eggs for reproduction

ovario

ovario

Ex: She experienced sharp pains in her ovaries during her menstrual cycle, indicative of menstrual cramps. 
urethra
urethra
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the tube in most mammals that carries urine out of the body, which also carries sperm in males

uretra

uretra

Ex: Infections of the urethra, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can cause pain and discomfort during urination. 

Las infecciones de la uretra, como las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) o las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), pueden causar dolor y molestias al orinar.

renal
renal
[Adjetivo]

relating to the kidneys or their function

renal

renal

Ex: The doctor prescribed medication to improve renal blood flow. 

El médico recetó medicamentos para mejorar el flujo sanguíneo renal.

intestinal
intestinal
[Adjetivo]

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

intestinal

intestinal

Ex: Intestinal obstruction is a medical condition where the passage of food or stool through the intestines is blocked, leading to abdominal pain and distension. 

La obstrucción intestinal es una condición médica en la que el paso de alimentos o heces a través de los intestinos está bloqueado, lo que provoca dolor abdominal e hinchazón.

canine
canine
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) any of the four pointed teeth that are between the incisors and premolars, used for tearing food

canino

canino

Ex: His canines are longer than average. 

Sus caninos son más largos que el promedio.

antibody
antibody
[Sustantivo]

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

anticuerpo

anticuerpo

Ex: Antibody tests find antibodies in your blood, showing past infections or vaccinations. 

Las pruebas de anticuerpos detectan anticuerpos en tu sangre, mostrando infecciones pasadas o vacunaciones.

bone marrow
bone marrow
[Sustantivo]

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

médula ósea

médula ósea

Ex: Yellow bone marrow, found in the hollow interior of long bones, stores fat and serves as a potential source of energy. 

La médula ósea amarilla, que se encuentra en el interior hueco de los huesos largos, almacena grasa y sirve como una fuente potencial de energía.

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