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Lingvistika - Slova vztahující se k lingvistice

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s lingvistikou, jako je „hyphenate“, „marker“ a „corpus“.

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Words Related to Linguistics
form
[Podstatné jméno]

the shape of a word, phrase, sentence or discourse

forma, podoba

forma, podoba

grammar
[Podstatné jméno]

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

gramatika, syntax

gramatika, syntax

Ex: We studied verb tenses in grammar class today .
natural language
[Podstatné jméno]

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

přirozený jazyk, přírodní jazyk

přirozený jazyk, přírodní jazyk

artificial language
[Podstatné jméno]

a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

umělý jazyk, artificialní jazyk

umělý jazyk, artificialní jazyk

constructed language
[Podstatné jméno]

a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

konstruovaný jazyk, umělý jazyk

konstruovaný jazyk, umělý jazyk

markedness
[Podstatné jméno]

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

značkovost, výraznost

značkovost, výraznost

dictionary
[Podstatné jméno]

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

slovník, lexikon

slovník, lexikon

Ex: When learning a new language, it's helpful to keep a bilingual dictionary on hand.
entry word
[Podstatné jméno]

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

heslové slovo, slovníkový vstup

heslové slovo, slovníkový vstup

anglophone
[Podstatné jméno]

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

anglofon, anglicky mluvící člověk

anglofon, anglicky mluvící člověk

spoken word
[Podstatné jméno]

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

mluvené slovo, řečnické slovo

mluvené slovo, řečnické slovo

syntax
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

syntaktika, syntax

syntaktika, syntax

Ex: Syntax analysis helps in identifying how sentence elements like nouns , verbs , and adjectives interact within a given linguistic framework .
corpus
[Podstatné jméno]

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

korpus, sbírka textů

korpus, sbírka textů

translation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

překlad, tlumočení

překlad, tlumočení

sign language
[Podstatné jméno]

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

znakový jazyk, gestikulace

znakový jazyk, gestikulace

Proto-Indo-European
[Podstatné jméno]

the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

protoněmecký, protoněmecký jazyk

protoněmecký, protoněmecký jazyk

orthography
[Podstatné jméno]

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

pravopis, orthografie

pravopis, orthografie

emic unit
[Podstatné jméno]

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

emická jednotka, jednotka emického významu

emická jednotka, jednotka emického významu

quote
[Podstatné jméno]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

cílová citace, úryvek

cílová citace, úryvek

Ex: " The only thing we have to fear is fear itself , " remains one of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's most quotes from his inaugural address .
exclamation
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

výkřik, exclamace

výkřik, exclamace

Ex: He muttered exclamation under his breath after hearing the bad news .
jargon
[Podstatné jméno]

language that is considered to be meaningless or obscure, used to impress or confuse people rather than to convey information

žargon, termín

žargon, termín

marker
[Podstatné jméno]

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

marker, značkovací prvek

marker, značkovací prvek

phraseme
[Podstatné jméno]

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

fráze, fixní výraz

fráze, fixní výraz

linguistic determinism
[Podstatné jméno]

a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

lingvistický determinismus, jazykový determinismus

lingvistický determinismus, jazykový determinismus

reflexivity
[Podstatné jméno]

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

reflexivita, sebereflexe

reflexivita, sebereflexe

to agree
[sloveso]

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

shodovat se, souhlasit

shodovat se, souhlasit

Ex: "She loves to dance" is correct because the verb agrees with the singular subject.
to conjugate
[sloveso]

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

konjugovat, skloňovat

konjugovat, skloňovat

Ex: The linguistics professor explained how different languages conjugate verbs differently based on their grammatical structures.
to decline
[sloveso]

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

skloňovat, declinovat

skloňovat, declinovat

Ex: Students often struggle with Latin grammar because they need to memorize how to decline nouns and pronouns in different cases.
to spell
[sloveso]

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

hláskovat, psát přízvukem

hláskovat, psát přízvukem

Ex: We spell our last names when making reservations to avoid any misunderstandings .
to aspirate
[sloveso]

(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

aspirace, vyslovit s aspirací

aspirace, vyslovit s aspirací

to roll
[sloveso]

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

r-rollovat, trillovat

r-rollovat, trillovat

Ex: Language learners may spend time practicing the skill rolling ' r ' sounds to achieve accurate pronunciation in various languages .
to stress
[sloveso]

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

zdůraznit, vyslovit se s důrazem

zdůraznit, vyslovit se s důrazem

Ex: When pronouncing compound words like " football , " we stress the first syllable : FOOT-ball .
to voice
[sloveso]

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

vyslovit, zpronevěřit

vyslovit, zpronevěřit

Ex: The linguist explained how voice the voiced velar plosive " ɡ " by engaging the back of the tongue against the soft palate .
to articulate
[sloveso]

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

artikulovat, vyslovit

artikulovat, vyslovit

Ex: In the speech therapy session , he worked on how articulate difficult sounds .
to encode
[sloveso]

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

zakódovat, převedení (do jiného jazyka)

zakódovat, převedení (do jiného jazyka)

Ex: The international author encoded her stories in various languages .
to drill
[sloveso]

to learn by repetition and practice

trénovat, procvičovat

trénovat, procvičovat

Ex: The language drilled vocabulary and grammar exercises to improve their fluency .
to gabble
[sloveso]

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

kecat, drbit

kecat, drbit

to stammer
[sloveso]

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

koktat, zadrhávat se

koktat, zadrhávat se

Ex: Overwhelmed by emotion , she began stammer through her tearful apology .
to stumble
[sloveso]

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

zakoktávat se, zakopnout

zakoktávat se, zakopnout

Ex: Anxiety caused him stumble while presenting his findings to the academic committee .
to hyphenate
[sloveso]

to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

psát s pomlčkou, dělit pomlčkou

psát s pomlčkou, dělit pomlčkou

to punctuate
[sloveso]

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

interpunkčně upravit, používat interpunkci

interpunkčně upravit, používat interpunkci

Ex: Learning how punctuate complex sentences with colons and dashes can greatly improve your writing style and clarity .
to parse
[sloveso]

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

analizovat, parsovat

analizovat, parsovat

to quote
[sloveso]

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

citovat, ocitovat

citovat, ocitovat

Ex: The quoted Winston Churchill , saying , " Success is not final , failure is not fatal : It is the courage to continue that counts . "
to elide
[sloveso]

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

elidovat, vynechat

elidovat, vynechat

to infix
[sloveso]

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

infikovat, vložit

infikovat, vložit

Lingvistika
NeurolinguisticsSign LanguageJazykové vzdělávání a odbornostSlova vztahující se k lingvistice
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