to make a quick and involuntary movement in response to a surprise, pain, or fear

تکان خوردن (از ترس یا تعجب)
to ward off or prevent something undesirable from happening

جلوگیری کردن از, مانع شدن از
to reject or dismiss someone or something in an abrupt or blunt manner

رد کردن, نپذیرفتن، پس زدن، دفع کردن
to decrease, reduce, or restrict something, often by cutting down its size, duration, or range

کم کردن, کاستن، از (چیزی) زدن
to provide a gift or quality, to someone or something, often implying a permanent gift or quality

بهرهمند کردن
to mark or be a sign of an entity or a concept

نشانگر بودن, حاکی بودن، دلالت کردن، نماد چیزی بودن
to necessitate or result in a logical consequence or outcome

مستلزم بودن, در بر داشتن، شامل بودن، متضمن بودن
to produce a harsh, grating sound or to utter with a rough, grating tone

خرتخرت کردن, قارتقارت کردن
to express contempt or derision by mocking, ridiculing, and laughing at someone or something

تمسخر کردن, دست انداختن
to create a humorous or exaggerated representation of someone or something by distorting their features or characteristics

کاریکاتور کشیدن
to give personal property to someone through a legal instrument, typically after one's death

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