to make a quick and involuntary movement in response to a surprise, pain, or fear
ひるむ, びくっとする
to ward off or prevent something undesirable from happening
防ぐ, 避ける
to reject or dismiss someone or something in an abrupt or blunt manner
拒絶する, はねつける
to decrease, reduce, or restrict something, often by cutting down its size, duration, or range
短縮する, 制限する
to take part in or become involved with something actively
参加する, 関与する
to provide a gift or quality, to someone or something, often implying a permanent gift or quality
授ける, 与える
to adhere firmly or stick closely to something
しっかりとくっつく, 密着する
to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.
取り消す, 撤回する
to mark or be a sign of an entity or a concept
示す, 意味する
to necessitate or result in a logical consequence or outcome
必要とする, 結果として生じる
to bring up a topic or question for discussion
提起する, 提案する
to produce a harsh, grating sound or to utter with a rough, grating tone
きしむ, きしらせる
to express great regret or sorrow for something
嘆く, 悲しむ
to create a humorous or exaggerated representation of someone or something by distorting their features or characteristics
風刺画を描く
to overrun in large numbers
群がる, 侵す
to give personal property to someone through a legal instrument, typically after one's death
遺贈する, 遺言で与える
