Cambridge English : CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Termes et expressions linguistiques

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alias

[nom]

an alternative name a person sometimes uses instead of one’s real name

faux nom

Ex: During his undercover mission , he was forced to use an alias to infiltrate the organization .Pendant sa mission secrète, il a été obligé d'utiliser un **pseudonyme** pour infiltrer l'organisation.

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adage

[nom]

a short, memorable saying that expresses a common observation or truth about life

adage

Ex: In times of adversity , he finds solace in the adage " this too shall pass , " reminding himself that difficult situations are temporary .Dans les moments d'adversité, il trouve du réconfort dans l'**adage** "cela aussi passera", se rappelant que les situations difficiles sont temporaires.

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appellation

[nom]

a name, title, or term used to identify and distinguish a person, place, or thing

désignation, appellation

Ex: She disliked the appellation given to her by the press .Elle n'aimait pas l'**appellation** que la presse lui avait donnée.

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aphorism

[nom]

a concise, memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or observation, often witty or philosophical

aphorisme

Ex: Philosophers often use aphorisms to distill complex ideas .Les philosophes utilisent souvent des **aphorismes** pour condenser des idées complexes.

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apothegm

[nom]

a clever and concise expression that contains a general truth or principle

apophtegme, aphorisme

Ex: The motivational speaker ’s speech was peppered with apothegms that resonated with the audience .Le discours du conférencier motivateur était parsemé d'**apophtegmes** qui ont résonné avec le public.

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argot

[nom]

a special set of words or expressions used by a particular group, often to keep communication private or exclusive

argot, jargon

Ex: The prison argot was incomprehensible to new inmates .L'**argot** carcéral était incompréhensible pour les nouveaux détenus.

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banter

[nom]

the act of saying something in a smart and humorous manner in order to make fun of something or someone

plaisanter

Ex: Their banter masked a deep mutual respect .Leur **badinage** masquait un profond respect mutuel.

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digression

[nom]

a deviation from the main subject under focus or discussion

digression

Ex: He used the digression to lighten the mood .Il a utilisé la **digression** pour détendre l'atmosphère.

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litany

[nom]

a long and repetitive account, list, or recital, often of complaints or problems

litanie

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neologism

[nom]

the process of inventing a word

néologisme

Ex: Some neologisms become part of everyday language usage , while others remain obscure or limited to specific subcultures .Certains **néologismes** font partie de l'usage quotidien de la langue, tandis que d'autres restent obscurs ou limités à des sous-cultures spécifiques.

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onomatopoeia

[nom]

a word that mimics the sound it represents

onomatopée

Ex: The use of onomatopoeia adds vividness and immediacy to descriptive writing .L'utilisation de **onomatopée** ajoute de la vivacité et de l'immédiateté à l'écriture descriptive.

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patois

[nom]

a local or regional form of a language, often considered less formal or standard than the official version

patois, dialecte

Ex: The poet incorporated local patois into her verses .La poétesse a incorporé le **patois** local dans ses vers.

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preamble

[nom]

an introductory or preliminary section of a book, statute, document, etc. giving information about its purpose

préambule

Ex: The legal brief began with a preamble that clarified the case 's background and significance .Le mémoire juridique a commencé par un **préambule** qui clarifiait le contexte et l'importance de l'affaire.

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query

[nom]

a request for information or clarification, often in the form of a question

requête, interrogation

Ex: The journalist 's query was ignored by the spokesperson .La **requête** du journaliste a été ignorée par le porte-parole.

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simile

[nom]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

comparaison

Ex: The poet 's use of a simile comparing the stars to diamonds in the sky adds a touch of beauty and sparkle to the nighttime landscape .L'utilisation par le poète d'une **comparaison** comparant les étoiles à des diamants dans le ciel ajoute une touche de beauté et d'éclat au paysage nocturne.

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tautology

[nom]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologie

Ex: Writers and speakers are often advised to avoid tautology to ensure their communication is clear and concise without unnecessary repetition .Les écrivains et les orateurs sont souvent conseillés d'éviter la **tautologie** pour garantir que leur communication est claire et concise sans répétition inutile.

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treatise

[nom]

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

traité

Ex: The medical researcher authored a treatise on infectious diseases , detailing new treatments and prevention methods .Le chercheur médical a rédigé un **traité** sur les maladies infectieuses, détaillant de nouveaux traitements et méthodes de prévention.

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maxim

[nom]

a short statement or phrase that encapsulates a general truth, principle, or rule of behavior, often offering guidance or wisdom

maxime

Ex: " A penny saved is a penny earned " is a maxim advocating frugality and the importance of saving money ."Un sou économisé est un sou gagné" est une **maxime** prônant la frugalité et l'importance d'économiser de l'argent.

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delineation

[nom]

a visual or verbal representation of something

contour, délinéation, délimitation

Ex: The documentary provided a clear delineation of the events leading up to the war .Le rapport a offert une **délinéation** nette du problème.

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entreaty

[nom]

a request made with sincerity or desperation

prière, supplication

Ex: His sincere entreaty for forgiveness resonated deeply with her , and she decided to give him another chance .La **supplique** du prisonnier pour la miséricorde est tombée dans l'oreille d'un sourd.

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it is an ill wind that blows no one any good

[phrase]

used to express that even an undesirable situation will often benefit someone

Ex: His injury was unfortunate, but it gave him time to write his book—an ill wind that blows no one any good.

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one swallow does not make a summer

[phrase]

used to indicate that a single occurrence or piece of evidence is insufficient to establish a trend or draw a firm conclusion

Ex: Winning one game does not guarantee success for the entire season.One swallow does not make a summer in sports.

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to put the cart before the horse

[Phrase]

to not do things in order

Ex: Launching a marketing campaign without understanding your target audience is like putting the cart before the horse.

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shibboleth

[nom]

a specific word or phrase used to identify or differentiate individuals

schibboleth, shibboleth, signe distinctif

Ex: In some historical conflicts , a shibboleth was used to uncover spies or infiltrators posing as locals .Dans certains conflits historiques, un **shibboleth** était utilisé pour démasquer les espions ou les infiltrés se faisant passer pour des locaux.

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sum and substance

[Phrase]

the main idea of something, often after removing extra details

Ex: Her summary conveyed the sum and substance without unnecessary jargon.

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kernel

[nom]

the central or most important part of an idea, experience, or piece of information

noyau, essence