剑桥英语：CPE（C2 熟练度） - 语言学术语与说法

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alias

[名词]

an alternative name a person sometimes uses instead of one’s real name

别名, 化名

Ex: During his undercover mission , he was forced to use an alias to infiltrate the organization .在他的卧底任务中，他被迫使用一个**化名**潜入该组织。

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adage

[名词]

a short, memorable saying that expresses a common observation or truth about life

格言, 谚语

Ex: In times of adversity , he finds solace in the adage " this too shall pass , " reminding himself that difficult situations are temporary .在逆境中，他从**格言**“这一切也会过去”中找到慰藉，提醒自己困难的处境是暂时的。

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appellation

[名词]

a name, title, or term used to identify and distinguish a person, place, or thing

称谓, 名称

Ex: She disliked the appellation given to her by the press .她不喜欢媒体给她的**称呼**。

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aphorism

[名词]

a concise, memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or observation, often witty or philosophical

格言, 警句

Ex: Philosophers often use aphorisms to distill complex ideas .哲学家经常使用**警句**来提炼复杂的思想。

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apothegm

[名词]

a clever and concise expression that contains a general truth or principle

格言, 箴言

Ex: The motivational speaker ’s speech was peppered with apothegms that resonated with the audience .励志演讲者的演讲中穿插着与观众产生共鸣的**箴言**。

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argot

[名词]

a special set of words or expressions used by a particular group, often to keep communication private or exclusive

隐语, 行话

Ex: The prison argot was incomprehensible to new inmates .监狱**黑话**对新囚犯来说是无法理解的。

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banter

[名词]

the act of saying something in a smart and humorous manner in order to make fun of something or someone

玩笑, 戏谑

Ex: Their banter masked a deep mutual respect .他们的**戏谑**掩盖了深深的相互尊重。

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digression

[名词]

a deviation from the main subject under focus or discussion

离题, 题外话

Ex: He used the digression to lighten the mood .他利用**题外话**来缓和气氛。

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litany

[名词]

a long and repetitive account, list, or recital, often of complaints or problems

连祷, 冗长的列表

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neologism

[名词]

the process of inventing a word

新词, 造词

Ex: Some neologisms become part of everyday language usage , while others remain obscure or limited to specific subcultures .一些**新词**成为日常语言使用的一部分，而其他则仍然晦涩或限于特定的亚文化。

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onomatopoeia

[名词]

a word that mimics the sound it represents

拟声词, 模仿它所代表的声音的词

Ex: The use of onomatopoeia adds vividness and immediacy to descriptive writing .使用**拟声词**为描述性写作增添了生动性和即时性。

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patois

[名词]

a local or regional form of a language, often considered less formal or standard than the official version

土语, 方言

Ex: The poet incorporated local patois into her verses .诗人将当地的**方言**融入了她的诗句中。

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preamble

[名词]

an introductory or preliminary section of a book, statute, document, etc. giving information about its purpose

序言, 前言

Ex: The legal brief began with a preamble that clarified the case 's background and significance .法律简报以**序言**开始，阐明了案件的背景和重要性。

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query

[名词]

a request for information or clarification, often in the form of a question

查询, 问题

Ex: The journalist 's query was ignored by the spokesperson .记者的**询问**被发言人忽略了。

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simile

[名词]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

明喻, 比喻

Ex: The poet 's use of a simile comparing the stars to diamonds in the sky adds a touch of beauty and sparkle to the nighttime landscape .诗人使用**明喻**将星星比作天空中的钻石，为夜晚的景色增添了一丝美丽和闪耀。

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tautology

[名词]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

同义反复, 冗余

Ex: Writers and speakers are often advised to avoid tautology to ensure their communication is clear and concise without unnecessary repetition .作家和演讲者经常被建议避免**同义反复**，以确保他们的沟通清晰简洁，没有不必要的重复。

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treatise

[名词]

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

论文, 论述

Ex: The medical researcher authored a treatise on infectious diseases , detailing new treatments and prevention methods .这位医学研究者撰写了一篇关于传染病的**论文**，详细介绍了新的治疗和预防方法。

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maxim

[名词]

a short statement or phrase that encapsulates a general truth, principle, or rule of behavior, often offering guidance or wisdom

格言, 原则

Ex: " A penny saved is a penny earned " is a maxim advocating frugality and the importance of saving money ."省下一分钱就是赚到一分钱"是一条提倡节俭和储蓄重要性的**格言**。

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delineation

[名词]

a visual or verbal representation of something

描绘, 描述

Ex: The documentary provided a clear delineation of the events leading up to the war .该报告对问题进行了清晰的**描绘**。

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entreaty

[名词]

a request made with sincerity or desperation

恳求, 哀求

Ex: His sincere entreaty for forgiveness resonated deeply with her , and she decided to give him another chance .囚犯请求宽恕的**恳求**被置若罔闻。

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it is an ill wind that blows no one any good

[句子]

used to express that even an undesirable situation will often benefit someone

Ex: His injury was unfortunate, but it gave him time to write his book—an ill wind that blows no one any good.

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one swallow does not make a summer

[句子]

used to indicate that a single occurrence or piece of evidence is insufficient to establish a trend or draw a firm conclusion

Ex: Winning one game does not guarantee success for the entire season.One swallow does not make a summer in sports.

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to put the cart before the horse

[短语]

to not do things in order

Ex: Launching a marketing campaign without understanding your target audience is like putting the cart before the horse.

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shibboleth

[名词]

a specific word or phrase used to identify or differentiate individuals

用于识别或区分个人的特定词语或短语, 口令

Ex: In some historical conflicts , a shibboleth was used to uncover spies or infiltrators posing as locals .在一些历史冲突中，**shibboleth**被用来揭露伪装成当地人的间谍或渗透者。

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sum and substance

[短语]

the main idea of something, often after removing extra details

Ex: Her summary conveyed the sum and substance without unnecessary jargon.

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kernel

[名词]

the central or most important part of an idea, experience, or piece of information

核心, 本质

Ex: His speech contained the kernel of a revolutionary idea .

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剑桥英语：CPE（C2 熟练度）

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