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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Linguistic Terms & Sayings

Learn advanced CPE vocabulary for language and sayings, including linguistic concepts, expressions, idioms, wording, usage, and terms for different forms of speech.

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
alias
alias
[noun]

an alternative name a person sometimes uses instead of one’s real name

Ex: The detective uncovered the suspect's alias after searching through old records. 
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adage
adage
[noun]

a short, memorable saying that expresses a common observation or truth about life

Ex: "A penny saved is a penny earned" is a timeless adage that emphasizes the value of frugality and saving money. 
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appellation

a name, title, or term used to identify and distinguish a person, place, or thing

Ex: "Doctor" is an appellation earned through years of study. 
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aphorism
aphorism
[noun]

a concise, memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or observation, often witty or philosophical

Ex: "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" is a classic aphorism. 
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apothegm
apothegm
[noun]

a clever and concise expression that contains a general truth or principle

Ex: The wise old teacher often used an apothegm to convey profound lessons in just a few words. 
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argot
argot
[noun]

a special set of words or expressions used by a particular group, often to keep communication private or exclusive

Ex: The novel is filled with the argot of 19th-century criminals. 
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banter
banter
[noun]

the act of saying something in a smart and humorous manner in order to make fun of something or someone

Ex: Their banter kept the dinner lively and fun. 
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digression

a deviation from the main subject under focus or discussion

Ex: His lecture was full of interesting digressions. 
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litany
litany
[noun]

a long and repetitive account, list, or recital, often of complaints or problems

Ex: He launched into a litany of excuses for missing the deadline. 
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neologism
neologism
[noun]

the process of inventing a word

Ex: A neologism is a newly coined word or expression that has not yet been widely accepted into the lexicon of a language. 
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onomatopoeia

a word that mimics the sound it represents

Ex: "Buzz," "hiss," and "moo" are examples of onomatopoeia used to mimic natural sounds. 
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patois
patois
[noun]

a local or regional form of a language, often considered less formal or standard than the official version

Ex: The villagers spoke in a rural patois unfamiliar to city dwellers. 
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preamble
preamble
[noun]

an introductory or preliminary section of a book, statute, document, etc. giving information about its purpose

Ex: She read the preamble to understand the context of the legal document. 
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query
query
[noun]

a request for information or clarification, often in the form of a question

Ex: She submitted a query about the status of her order. 
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simile
simile
[noun]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

Ex: The poet used a simile to compare the clouds to cotton candy, painting a vivid picture of their fluffy, ethereal appearance. 
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tautology
tautology
[noun]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

Ex: "ATM machine" is a classic example of a tautology, as the "M" already stands for "machine." 
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treatise
treatise
[noun]

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

Ex: Isaac Newton's "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is a famous treatise on physics. 
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maxim
maxim
[noun]

a short statement or phrase that encapsulates a general truth, principle, or rule of behavior, often offering guidance or wisdom

Ex: "Honesty is the best policy" is a well-known maxim that emphasizes the importance of truthfulness in all situations. 
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delineation

a visual or verbal representation of something

Ex: The novel's rich delineation of the city brought it to life. 
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entreaty
entreaty
[noun]

a request made with sincerity or desperation

Ex: Her entreaty for help moved the crowd to action. 
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it is an ill wind that blows (no one|nobody) any good

used to express that even an undesirable situation will often benefit someone

Ex: The factory closure was unfortunate, but it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good—some local businesses saw more customers as a result. 
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(one|a) swallow does not make a summer

used to indicate that a single occurrence or piece of evidence is insufficient to establish a trend or draw a firm conclusion

Ex: She did well on her first test, but one swallow does not make a summer—she still needs to study for the rest of the exams. 
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to [put] the cart before the horse

to not do things in order

Ex: Buying furniture before you have an apartment is putting the cart before the horse. 
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shibboleth

a specific word or phrase used to identify or differentiate individuals

Ex: During wartime, soldiers often used a shibboleth to distinguish friend from foe based on their accent or pronunciation. 
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sum and substance

the main idea of something, often after removing extra details

Ex: The sum and substance of his argument was that we needed more funding. 
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kernel
kernel
[noun]

the central or most important part of an idea, experience, or piece of information

Ex: There's a kernel of truth in every rumor. 
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