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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Jazykové Termíny a Rčení

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
alias
alias
[Podstatné jméno]

an alternative name a person sometimes uses instead of one’s real name

alias, přezdívka

alias, přezdívka

Ex: The detective uncovered the suspect's alias after searching through old records. 
adage
adage
[Podstatné jméno]

a short, memorable saying that expresses a common observation or truth about life

pořekadlo, přísloví

pořekadlo, přísloví

Ex: "A penny saved is a penny earned" is a timeless adage that emphasizes the value of frugality and saving money. 
appellation
appellation
[Podstatné jméno]

a name, title, or term used to identify and distinguish a person, place, or thing

označení, název

označení, název

Ex: "Doctor" is an appellation earned through years of study. 
aphorism
aphorism
[Podstatné jméno]

a concise, memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or observation, often witty or philosophical

aforismus, moudrost

aforismus, moudrost

Ex: "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" is a classic aphorism. 
apothegm
apothegm
[Podstatné jméno]

a clever and concise expression that contains a general truth or principle

apoftegma, maxima

apoftegma, maxima

Ex: The wise old teacher often used an apothegm to convey profound lessons in just a few words. 
argot
argot
[Podstatné jméno]

a special set of words or expressions used by a particular group, often to keep communication private or exclusive

argot, žargon

argot, žargon

Ex: The novel is filled with the argot of 19th-century criminals. 
banter
banter
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of saying something in a smart and humorous manner in order to make fun of something or someone

žert, škádlení

žert, škádlení

Ex: Their banter kept the dinner lively and fun. 
digression
digression
[Podstatné jméno]

a deviation from the main subject under focus or discussion

odbočka, odchylka

odbočka, odchylka

Ex: His lecture was full of interesting digressions. 
litany
litany
[Podstatné jméno]

a long and repetitive account, list, or recital, often of complaints or problems

litanie, dlouhý seznam

litanie, dlouhý seznam

Ex: He launched into a litany of excuses for missing the deadline. 
neologism
neologism
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of inventing a word

neologismus, tvoření slov

neologismus, tvoření slov

Ex: A neologism is a newly coined word or expression that has not yet been widely accepted into the lexicon of a language. 
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
[Podstatné jméno]

a word that mimics the sound it represents

onomatopoie, slovo

onomatopoie, slovo

Ex: "Buzz," "hiss," and "moo" are examples of onomatopoeia used to mimic natural sounds. 
patois
patois
[Podstatné jméno]

a local or regional form of a language, often considered less formal or standard than the official version

patois, nářečí

patois, nářečí

Ex: The villagers spoke in a rural patois unfamiliar to city dwellers. 
preamble
preamble
[Podstatné jméno]

an introductory or preliminary section of a book, statute, document, etc. giving information about its purpose

preambule, úvod

preambule, úvod

Ex: She read the preamble to understand the context of the legal document. 
query
query
[Podstatné jméno]

a request for information or clarification, often in the form of a question

dotaz, otázka

dotaz, otázka

Ex: She submitted a query about the status of her order. 
simile
simile
[Podstatné jméno]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

přirovnání, podobnost

přirovnání, podobnost

Ex: The poet used a simile to compare the clouds to cotton candy, painting a vivid picture of their fluffy, ethereal appearance. 
tautology
tautology
[Podstatné jméno]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologie, nadbytečnost

tautologie, nadbytečnost

Ex: "ATM machine" is a classic example of a tautology, as the "M" already stands for "machine." 
treatise
treatise
[Podstatné jméno]

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

pojednání, disertace

pojednání, disertace

Ex: Isaac Newton's "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is a famous treatise on physics. 
maxim
maxim
[Podstatné jméno]

a short statement or phrase that encapsulates a general truth, principle, or rule of behavior, often offering guidance or wisdom

maxima, princip

maxima, princip

Ex: "Honesty is the best policy" is a well-known maxim that emphasizes the importance of truthfulness in all situations. 
delineation
delineation
[Podstatné jméno]

a visual or verbal representation of something

zobrazení, popis

zobrazení, popis

Ex: The novel's rich delineation of the city brought it to life. 
entreaty
entreaty
[Podstatné jméno]

a request made with sincerity or desperation

prosba, naléhavá žádost

prosba, naléhavá žádost

Ex: Her entreaty for help moved the crowd to action. 
it is an ill wind that blows (no one|nobody) any good

used to express that even an undesirable situation will often benefit someone

Ex: The factory closure was unfortunate, but it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good—some local businesses saw more customers as a result. 
(one|a) swallow does not make a summer

used to indicate that a single occurrence or piece of evidence is insufficient to establish a trend or draw a firm conclusion

Ex: She did well on her first test, but one swallow does not make a summer—she still needs to study for the rest of the exams. 
to [put] the cart before the horse

to not do things in order

dělat věci ve špatném pořadí, začínat od konce

dělat věci ve špatném pořadí, začínat od konce

Ex: Buying furniture before you have an apartment is putting the cart before the horse. 
shibboleth
shibboleth
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific word or phrase used to identify or differentiate individuals

konkrétní slovo nebo fráze používaná k identifikaci nebo rozlišení jednotlivců, šiboleth

konkrétní slovo nebo fráze používaná k identifikaci nebo rozlišení jednotlivců, šiboleth

Ex: During wartime, soldiers often used a shibboleth to distinguish friend from foe based on their accent or pronunciation. 
sum and substance

the main idea of something, often after removing extra details

Ex: The sum and substance of his argument was that we needed more funding. 
kernel
kernel
[Podstatné jméno]

the central or most important part of an idea, experience, or piece of information

jádro, podstata

jádro, podstata

Ex: There's a kernel of truth in every rumor. 
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