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Vocabulaire Avancé pour le GRE - Pouvoir et Politique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur le pouvoir et la politique, tels que "oindre", "céder", "fortifier", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen GRE.

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Advanced Words Needed for the GRE
to abdicate

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdiquer

abdiquer

Ex: The ruler is abdicating the throne due to health concerns .Le souverain **abdique** le trône en raison de problèmes de santé.
to anoint
to anoint
[verbe]

to choose whom an important position or job will be given to, generally done by a person of power

désigner

désigner

Ex: In ancient times , religious leaders would anoint kings as a sign of divine approval .Dans les temps anciens, les chefs religieux **oignaient** les rois en signe d'approbation divine.
to arrogate

to take control of something without any legal basis

s’arroger

s’arroger

Ex: The dictator arrogated absolute power , disregarding the constitution and legal boundaries .Le dictateur a **arrogé** un pouvoir absolu, ignorant la constitution et les limites légales.
to capitulate

to surrender after negotiation or when facing overwhelming pressure

capituler, abandonner

capituler, abandonner

Ex: The kingdom refused to capitulate despite mounting losses .Le royaume a refusé de **capituler** malgré les pertes croissantes.
to cede
to cede
[verbe]

to hand over power, land, or a position to another, particularly due to being forced

céder

céder

Ex: The country is reluctantly ceding control of its key industries .Le pays cède à contrecœur le contrôle de ses industries clés.
to concede
to concede
[verbe]

to grant something such as control, a privilege, or right, often reluctantly

concéder, accorder

concéder, accorder

Ex: Despite his initial resistance , he conceded to the proposal after realizing its potential benefits .Malgré sa résistance initiale, il a **concédé** à la proposition après avoir réalisé ses avantages potentiels.
to defenestrate

to force a person of authority or power to step down from their position

défenestrer, évincer

défenestrer, évincer

Ex: The company 's shareholders voted to defenestrate the CFO due to financial mismanagement .Les actionnaires de l'entreprise ont voté pour **défenestrer** le directeur financier en raison d'une mauvaise gestion financière.
to dismiss
to dismiss
[verbe]

to remove someone from their job or position, typically due to poor performance

renvoyer, licencier, congédier

renvoyer, licencier, congédier

Ex: The government dismissed the official from their position amid allegations of corruption .Le gouvernement a **licencié** l'agent de son poste suite à des allégations de corruption.
to gerrymander

to divide voting districts in a way that would advantage a particular group or party more

redécouper une circonscription, remanier une circonscription

redécouper une circonscription, remanier une circonscription

Ex: If the bill passes , the legislators would gerrymander the districts to secure a majority for their party .Si le projet de loi est adopté, les législateurs **manipuleraient les circonscriptions** pour assurer une majorité à leur parti.
to kowtow
to kowtow
[verbe]

to attempt at pleasing an authority by excessively flattering and obeying them

se prosterner, flatter servilement

se prosterner, flatter servilement

Ex: He is currently kowtowing to his new boss in hopes of securing a more favorable position .Il est actuellement en train de **se prosterner** devant son nouveau patron dans l'espoir d'obtenir une position plus favorable.
to machinate

to secretly make plans, particularly to gain an advantage

monter une machination, comploter

monter une machination, comploter

Ex: While the negotiations were underway , the executives were machinating to gain an upper hand .Alors que les négociations étaient en cours, les dirigeants **manigançaient** pour prendre l'avantage.
to relegate

to appoint a person or thing to a lower status, position, or rank

reléguer [qqn] à [qch]

reléguer [qqn] à [qch]

Ex: The committee will relegate the less critical tasks to junior staff to focus on more strategic projects .Le comité **reléguera** les tâches moins critiques au personnel junior pour se concentrer sur des projets plus stratégiques.
to rescind
to rescind
[verbe]

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

rescinder, casser, annuler, abroger, résilier

rescinder, casser, annuler, abroger, résilier

Ex: The company has rescinded the controversial policy after receiving significant backlash from employees .L'entreprise a **annulé** la politique controversée après avoir reçu des réactions négatives importantes de la part des employés.
to sap
to sap
[verbe]

to gradually drain or deplete someone's power or strength

pomper, miner, saper, enlever, retirer

pomper, miner, saper, enlever, retirer

Ex: The prolonged illness sapped his physical strength .La maladie prolongée a **sapé** sa force physique.
to spearhead

to be the person who leads something like an attack, campaign, movement, etc.

être le fer de lance de, mener

être le fer de lance de, mener

Ex: The CEO spearheaded a new business strategy to revitalize the company .Le PDG a **mené** une nouvelle stratégie commerciale pour revitaliser l'entreprise.
to undermine

to gradually decrease the effectiveness, confidence, or power of something or someone

miner, saper

miner, saper

Ex: The economic downturn severely undermined the company 's financial stability .La récession économique a gravement **miné** la stabilité financière de l'entreprise.
artless
artless
[Adjectif]

simple and free from cunning

simple

simple

Ex: They admired her artless generosity and openness.Ils admiraient sa générosité **ingénue** et son ouverture d'esprit.
autonomous
autonomous
[Adjectif]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autonome

autonome

Ex: The organization functions as an autonomous body , with its own executive board and administrative processes .L'organisation fonctionne comme un corps **autonome**, avec son propre conseil exécutif et ses propres processus administratifs.
bellicose
bellicose
[Adjectif]

displaying a willingness to start an argument, fight, or war

belliqueux

belliqueux

Ex: Jake 's bellicose attitude often leads to arguments with his classmates .L'attitude **belliqueuse** de Jake conduit souvent à des disputes avec ses camarades de classe.
compliant
compliant
[Adjectif]

willingly obeying rules or doing what other people demand

conforme, soumis

conforme, soumis

Ex: The compliant participant in the study follows the research protocol as instructed by the researchers .Le participant **conforme** dans l'étude suit le protocole de recherche comme indiqué par les chercheurs.
magisterial
magisterial
[Adjectif]

displaying a behavior befitting someone who is in a powerful and authoritative position

magistral

magistral

Ex: The judge delivered the verdict with a magisterial tone that commanded respect from everyone in the courtroom .Le juge a rendu le verdict avec un ton **magistral** qui commandait le respect de tous dans la salle d'audience.
obsequious
obsequious
[Adjectif]

excessively flattering and obeying a person, particularly in order to gain their approval or favor

obséquieux, obséquieuse

obséquieux, obséquieuse

Ex: His obsequious praise of the manager was seen by his colleagues as a transparent attempt to get a promotion .Ses éloges **obséquieux** envers le manager ont été perçus par ses collègues comme une tentative transparente d'obtenir une promotion.
partisan
partisan
[Adjectif]

displaying support and favoritism toward a party or cause, usually without giving it much thought

partisan

partisan

Ex: The partisan nature of the debate prevented constructive dialogue and compromise .La nature **partisane** du débat a empêché un dialogue constructif et un compromis.
truculent
truculent
[Adjectif]

ill-tempered and ready to start an argument or fight

agressif

agressif

Ex: The manager was truculent during the meeting, dismissing all suggestions without consideration.Le manager était **hargneux** pendant la réunion, rejetant toutes les suggestions sans considération.
artifice

a clever action or behavior that is intended to trick and deceive others

artifice, truc

artifice, truc

Ex: His smile was an artifice designed to hide his true intentions .Son sourire était un **artifice** conçu pour cacher ses véritables intentions.
calumny
calumny
[nom]

a false statement meant to misrepresent someone

calomnie, diffamation

calomnie, diffamation

Ex: Journalists were careful to avoid publishing calumny.Les journalistes ont pris soin d'éviter de publier de la **calomnie**.
dissolution

the formal ending of a business agreement, marriage, parliament, organization, etc.

dissolution

dissolution

Ex: The group ’s sudden dissolution left its members searching for new projects to support .La **dissolution** soudaine du groupe a laissé ses membres à la recherche de nouveaux projets à soutenir.
graft
graft
[nom]

a morally or legally wrong act, usually bribery, done to gain an advantage or support

pot-de-vin

pot-de-vin

Ex: The anti-corruption task force was established to combat graft and bring corrupt officials to justice .Le groupe de travail anti-corruption a été créé pour lutter contre la **corruption** et traduire les fonctionnaires corrompus en justice.
jingoist

someone who very strongly believes that their country is far more superior than other countries

chauvin, chauvine

chauvin, chauvine

Ex: The politician’s jingoist rhetoric appealed to those who believed in the unquestioned superiority of their nation.La rhétorique **chauvine** du politicien a séduit ceux qui croyaient en la supériorité incontestée de leur nation.
juggernaut

a force, movement, organization, etc. that is large, powerful, and uncontrollable

pouvoir destructeur, force fatale, force destructrice

pouvoir destructeur, force fatale, force destructrice

Ex: The environmental movement has become a juggernaut, influencing government policies and corporate practices .Le mouvement environnemental est devenu un **juggernaut**, influençant les politiques gouvernementales et les pratiques des entreprises.
junta
junta
[nom]

a government of politicians or military officers that forcefully obtained power

junte

junte

Ex: The junta's takeover led to years of instability and economic decline .La prise de pouvoir de la **junte** a conduit à des années d'instabilité et de déclin économique.
nabob
nabob
[nom]

an individual who possesses an extreme amount of wealth or a high social standing

nabab

nabab

Ex: As a prominent nabob, he used his wealth to fund various charitable initiatives and public projects .En tant que **nabab** éminent, il a utilisé sa richesse pour financer diverses initiatives caritatives et projets publics.
potentate

someone who rules over people and possesses absolute control and power

potentat

potentat

Ex: The potentate’s decisions were implemented without question , reflecting his total control over the government .Les décisions du **potentat** ont été mises en œuvre sans question, reflétant son contrôle total sur le gouvernement.
quisling

an individual who betrays their country by assisting the enemy occupying or controlling it

collaborateur, collaboratrice

collaborateur, collaboratrice

Ex: The uprising was partially fueled by anger towards those seen as quislings who had sold out their country for personal gain .Le soulèvement a été en partie alimenté par la colère envers ceux perçus comme des **collaborateurs** qui avaient vendu leur pays pour un gain personnel.
coterminous
coterminous
[Adjectif]

(of areas of land or of countries) having a border in common

limitrophe, contigu

limitrophe, contigu

Ex: The U.S. state of Arizona is coterminous with the Mexican state of Sonora , meeting along the international boundary .L'État américain de l'Arizona est **contigu** à l'État mexicain de Sonora, se rencontrant le long de la frontière internationale.
buffer zone

a neutral area free of the conflict and danger that is between opposing powers

zone tampon

zone tampon

Ex: The demilitarized buffer zone between the two countries helps prevent accidental clashes .La **zone tampon** démilitarisée entre les deux pays aide à prévenir les affrontements accidentels.
recrimination

accusations made in retaliation for being accused

récrimination

récrimination

Ex: The team 's failure led to a round of recriminations among the project members .L'échec de l'équipe a conduit à une série de **récriminations** parmi les membres du projet.
sycophant

an individual who excessively flatters someone of importance to gain a favor or advantage

flagorneur, flagorneuse

flagorneur, flagorneuse

Ex: His behavior was typical of a sycophant, always agreeing with the powerful and flattering their egos .Son comportement était typique d'un **flagorneur**, toujours d'accord avec les puissants et flattant leur ego.
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