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GRE高级词汇 - 政府作为一种必要的恶

在这里,你将学习一些关于权力和政治的英语单词,如“涂油”、“割让”、“加强”等,这些都是GRE考试所需要的。

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Advanced Words Needed for the GRE
to abdicate
[动词]

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

退位, 放弃王位

退位, 放弃王位

Ex: The ruler is abdicating the throne due to health concerns .统治者因健康问题正在**退位**。
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to anoint
[动词]

to choose whom an important position or job will be given to, generally done by a person of power

涂油, 任命

涂油, 任命

Ex: In ancient times , religious leaders would anoint kings as a sign of divine approval .在古代,宗教领袖会**膏立**国王作为神圣认可的象征。
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to arrogate
[动词]

to take control of something without any legal basis

僭取, 篡夺

僭取, 篡夺

Ex: The dictator arrogated absolute power , disregarding the constitution and legal boundaries .独裁者**僭取**了绝对权力,无视宪法和法律界限。
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to surrender after negotiation or when facing overwhelming pressure

Ex: The general decided to capitulate rather than risk further loss of troops .
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to cede
[动词]

to hand over power, land, or a position to another, particularly due to being forced

割让, 交出

割让, 交出

Ex: The country is reluctantly ceding control of its key industries .该国不情愿地**让出**对其关键行业的控制权。
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to concede
[动词]

to grant something such as control, a privilege, or right, often reluctantly

让步, 承认

让步, 承认

Ex: Despite his initial resistance , he conceded to the proposal after realizing its potential benefits .
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to force a person of authority or power to step down from their position

罢免, 推翻

罢免, 推翻

Ex: The company 's shareholders voted to defenestrate the CFO due to financial mismanagement .由于财务管理不善,公司股东投票决定**罢免**首席财务官。
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to dismiss
[动词]

to remove someone from their job or position, typically due to poor performance

解雇, 开除

解雇, 开除

Ex: The government dismissed the official from their position amid allegations of corruption .政府因腐败指控将该官员**解职**。
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to divide voting districts in a way that would advantage a particular group or party more

操纵选区划分, 以有利于特定团体或党派的方式划分选区

操纵选区划分, 以有利于特定团体或党派的方式划分选区

Ex: If the bill passes , the legislators would gerrymander the districts to secure a majority for their party .如果法案通过,立法者将**操纵选区**以确保其政党的多数席位。
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to kowtow
[动词]

to attempt at pleasing an authority by excessively flattering and obeying them

叩头, 过分奉承

叩头, 过分奉承

Ex: He is currently kowtowing to his new boss in hopes of securing a more favorable position .他目前正在向他的新老板**卑躬屈膝**,希望能获得一个更有利的职位。
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to machinate
[动词]

to secretly make plans, particularly to gain an advantage

密谋, 策划阴谋

密谋, 策划阴谋

Ex: While the negotiations were underway , the executives were machinating to gain an upper hand .在谈判进行的同时,高管们正在**密谋**以取得上风。
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to relegate
[动词]

to appoint a person or thing to a lower status, position, or rank

降级, 贬职

降级, 贬职

Ex: The committee will relegate the less critical tasks to junior staff to focus on more strategic projects .委员会将把不太重要的任务**委派**给初级员工,以专注于更具战略性的项目。
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to rescind
[动词]

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

撤销, 废除

撤销, 废除

Ex: The company has rescinded the controversial policy after receiving significant backlash from employees .公司在收到员工的强烈反对后,**撤销**了有争议的政策。
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to sap
[动词]

to gradually drain or deplete someone's power or strength

消耗, 削弱

消耗, 削弱

Ex: The prolonged illness sapped his physical strength .长期的疾病**消耗**了他的体力。
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to spearhead
[动词]

to be the person who leads something like an attack, campaign, movement, etc.

带头, 领导

带头, 领导

Ex: The CEO spearheaded a new business strategy to revitalize the company .首席执行官**领导**了一项新的商业战略以重振公司。
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to undermine
[动词]

to gradually decrease the effectiveness, confidence, or power of something or someone

削弱, 破坏

削弱, 破坏

Ex: The economic downturn severely undermined the company 's financial stability .经济低迷严重**削弱**了公司的财务稳定性。
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artless
[形容词]

(of speech or actions) simple and straightforward, without cunning or deceit

朴实的, 率直的

朴实的, 率直的

Ex: His artless explanation of the situation was refreshing compared to the usual evasive answers.他对情况的**朴实**解释与通常的回避性回答相比令人耳目一新。
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autonomous
[形容词]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

自治的, 独立的

自治的, 独立的

Ex: The organization functions as an autonomous body , with its own executive board and administrative processes .该组织作为一个**自治**机构运作,拥有自己的执行董事会和行政流程。
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bellicose
[形容词]

displaying a willingness to start an argument, fight, or war

好战的, 挑衅的

好战的, 挑衅的

Ex: Jake 's bellicose attitude often leads to arguments with his classmates .Jake的**好斗**态度经常导致与同学发生争执。
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compliant
[形容词]

willingly obeying rules or doing what other people demand

顺从的, 服从的

顺从的, 服从的

Ex: The compliant participant in the study follows the research protocol as instructed by the researchers .
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magisterial
[形容词]

displaying a behavior befitting someone who is in a powerful and authoritative position

威严的, 权威的

威严的, 权威的

Ex: The judge delivered the verdict with a magisterial tone that commanded respect from everyone in the courtroom .法官以**威严的**语气宣布了判决,令法庭上的每个人都肃然起敬。
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obsequious
[形容词]

excessively flattering and obeying a person, particularly in order to gain their approval or favor

谄媚的, 奉承的

谄媚的, 奉承的

Ex: His obsequious praise of the manager was seen by his colleagues as a transparent attempt to get a promotion .他对经理的**谄媚**赞美被同事们视为试图获得晋升的明显尝试。
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partisan
[形容词]

displaying support and favoritism toward a party or cause, usually without giving it much thought

党派的, 偏袒的

党派的, 偏袒的

Ex: The partisan nature of the debate prevented constructive dialogue and compromise .辩论的**党派性**阻碍了建设性对话和妥协。
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truculent
[形容词]

ill-tempered and ready to start an argument or fight

好斗的, 咄咄逼人的

好斗的, 咄咄逼人的

Ex: The manager was truculent during the meeting, dismissing all suggestions without consideration.经理在会议期间**好斗**,不加考虑地驳回了所有建议。
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artifice
[名词]

a clever action or behavior that is intended to trick and deceive others

诡计, 欺骗

诡计, 欺骗

Ex: His smile was an artifice designed to hide his true intentions .他的微笑是一种**诡计**,旨在隐藏他的真实意图。
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calumny
[名词]

an unpleasant or false statement intending to ruin someone's reputation

诽谤, 中伤

诽谤, 中伤

Ex: Despite being innocent , the calumny against him caused irreparable harm to his standing in the community .尽管他是无辜的,但针对他的**诽谤**给他在社区中的地位造成了不可挽回的损害。
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dissolution
[名词]

the formal ending of a business agreement, marriage, parliament, organization, etc.

解散, 终止

解散, 终止

Ex: The group ’s sudden dissolution left its members searching for new projects to support .该集团的突然**解散**使其成员寻找新的项目来支持。
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graft
[名词]

a morally or legally wrong act, usually bribery, done to gain an advantage or support

贪污, 贿赂

贪污, 贿赂

Ex: The anti-corruption task force was established to combat graft and bring corrupt officials to justice .反腐败工作队是为了打击**贿赂**并将腐败官员绳之以法而成立的。
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jingoist
[名词]

someone who very strongly believes that their country is far more superior than other countries

沙文主义者, 侵略主义者

沙文主义者, 侵略主义者

Ex: The politician’s jingoist rhetoric appealed to those who believed in the unquestioned superiority of their nation.这位政治家的**沙文主义**言论吸引了那些相信自己国家无可置疑优越性的人。
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juggernaut
[名词]

a force, movement, organization, etc. that is large, powerful, and uncontrollable

巨头, 不可阻挡的力量

巨头, 不可阻挡的力量

Ex: The environmental movement has become a juggernaut, influencing government policies and corporate practices .环保运动已成为一股**不可阻挡的力量**,影响着政府政策和公司实践。
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junta
[名词]

a government of politicians or military officers that forcefully obtained power

军政府, 军事政权

军政府, 军事政权

Ex: The junta's takeover led to years of instability and economic decline .**军政府**的接管导致了多年的不稳定和经济衰退。
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nabob
[名词]

an individual who possesses an extreme amount of wealth or a high social standing

大富翁, 富豪

大富翁, 富豪

Ex: As a prominent nabob, he used his wealth to fund various charitable initiatives and public projects .作为一个杰出的**富豪**,他用自己的财富资助了各种慈善活动和公共项目。
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potentate
[名词]

someone who rules over people and possesses absolute control and power

专制君主, 统治者

专制君主, 统治者

Ex: The potentate’s decisions were implemented without question , reflecting his total control over the government .**专制君主**的决定被毫无疑问地执行,反映了他对政府的完全控制。
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quisling
[名词]

an individual who betrays their country by assisting the enemy occupying or controlling it

合作者, 叛徒

合作者, 叛徒

Ex: The uprising was partially fueled by anger towards those seen as quislings who had sold out their country for personal gain .起义部分是由于对那些被视为为了个人利益出卖国家的**卖国贼**的愤怒所激发的。
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coterminous
[形容词]

(of areas of land or of countries) having a border in common

接壤的, 毗邻的

接壤的, 毗邻的

Ex: The U.S. state of Arizona is coterminous with the Mexican state of Sonora , meeting along the international boundary .美国亚利桑那州与墨西哥索诺拉州**接壤**,沿着国际边界相遇。
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buffer zone
[名词]

a neutral area free of the conflict and danger that is between opposing powers

缓冲带, 中立区

缓冲带, 中立区

Ex: The demilitarized buffer zone between the two countries helps prevent accidental clashes .两国之间的非军事化**缓冲区**有助于防止意外冲突。
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accusations made in retaliation for being accused

反责, 互相指责

反责, 互相指责

Ex: The team 's failure led to a round of recriminations among the project members .团队的失败导致了项目成员之间的一轮**相互指责**。
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sycophant
[名词]

an individual who excessively flatters someone of importance to gain a favor or advantage

马屁精, 谄媚者

马屁精, 谄媚者

Ex: His behavior was typical of a sycophant, always agreeing with the powerful and flattering their egos .他的行为是典型的**马屁精**,总是同意有权势的人并奉承他们的自尊心。
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GRE高级词汇
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