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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - La Finance

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la finance, tels que "audit", "undercut", "subsidy", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
audit
audit
[nom]

a formal examination of financial records to check that they are accurate and properly maintained

audit

audit

Ex: The audit revealed several errors in the firm's accounts. 
bankroll

the total amount of money a person or business has for spending or investing

financement, capital

financement, capital

Ex: She carefully managed her bankroll to cover all expenses. 

Elle a soigneusement géré son capital pour couvrir toutes les dépenses.

bankruptcy

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

faillite

faillite

Ex: She filed for bankruptcy to manage her overwhelming debt. 
voucher
voucher
[nom]

a digital code or a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money when making a purchase or used to receive a discount

bon

bon

Ex: The hotel provided guests with vouchers for complimentary breakfast at the onsite restaurant. 

L'hôtel a fourni aux invités des bons pour un petit-déjeuner gratuit au restaurant sur place.

to undercut

to demand a lower price than one's rivals

sous-coter, casser les prix

sous-coter, casser les prix

Ex: Online retailers often engage in price wars, trying to undercut each other to gain a larger share of the market. 

Les détaillants en ligne s'engagent souvent dans des guerres de prix, essayant de sous-coter les uns les autres pour obtenir une plus grande part de marché.

treasury

the money, funds, or financial resources belonging to a government, organization, or institution

trésor,  trésorerie

trésor, trésorerie

Ex: The organization used money from its treasury to repair the building. 
tax evasion

the illegal acts done to pay less tax than what is owed or to avoid paying taxes altogether

fraude fiscale

fraude fiscale

Ex: Tax evasion deprives governments of vital revenue needed to fund essential services such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure. 

L'évasion fiscale prive les gouvernements de revenus vitaux nécessaires pour financer des services essentiels tels que l'éducation, la santé et les infrastructures.

taxation

the system or process by which a government imposes and collects taxes

imposition

imposition

Ex: High levels of taxation can affect business decisions. 
tariff
tariff
[nom]

a tax imposed by a government on goods imported into or exported from a country

droit de douane

droit de douane

Ex: Higher tariffs increased the cost of some foreign goods. 
subsidy
subsidy
[nom]

money provided by a government or organization to support or encourage an activity, industry, service, or expense

subsides, subvention

subsides, subvention

Ex: Sarah qualified for a housing subsidy that reduced her monthly rent. 
stagflation

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

stagflation

stagflation

Ex: During stagflation, the economy struggles with slow growth and high costs. 

Pendant la stagflation, l'économie est aux prises avec une croissance lente et des coûts élevés.

collateral

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

nantissement, garantie, caution

nantissement, garantie, caution

Ex: The pawnshop accepted the diamond necklace as collateral for the short-term loan. 

Le prêteur sur gages a accepté le collier de diamants comme garantie pour le prêt à court terme.

contingency

the funds that are set aside for unforeseen expenses that may arise in the future

contingence

contingence

Ex: As a prudent financial practice, homeowners should maintain a contingency fund to cover sudden home repairs, like a leaking roof or a malfunctioning furnace. 

En tant que pratique financière prudente, les propriétaires devraient maintenir un fonds d'urgence pour couvrir les réparations soudaines de la maison, comme un toit qui fuit ou une chaudière en panne.

cryptocurrency

a digital or virtual form of currency secured by cryptography

cryptomonnaie, monnaie cryptographique

cryptomonnaie, monnaie cryptographique

Ex: He invested in cryptocurrency to diversify his portfolio. 

Il a investi dans la cryptomonnaie pour diversifier son portefeuille.

depression

a prolonged period of severe economic decline marked by low business activity and high unemployment

dépression

dépression

Ex: Unemployment rose sharply during the depression. 
equity
equity
[nom]

the value of an asset after subtracting any debts or other financial claims against it

valeur résiduelle

valeur résiduelle

Ex: Their equity increased as the mortgage balance fell. 
face value

the obvious meaning or worth of something, without looking deeper

valeur nominale, sens apparent

valeur nominale, sens apparent

Ex: The ticket's face value was $50, but it sold for much more. 

La valeur nominale du billet était de 50 $, mais il s'est vendu beaucoup plus cher.

fiscal
fiscal
[Adjectif]

relating to government revenue, spending, taxation, or other public finances

fiscal

fiscal

Ex: Economists criticized the country's fiscal policy during the recession. 
fluctuation

the irregular or unpredictable variation in something over time, characterized by alternating changes

fluctuation, variation

fluctuation, variation

Ex: Temperature fluctuations make it hard to plan outdoor events. 

Les fluctuations de température rendent difficile la planification d'événements en plein air.

incentive

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

prime

prime

Ex: Tax incentives are often used by governments to encourage investment in renewable energy. 

Les incitations fiscales sont souvent utilisées par les gouvernements pour encourager les investissements dans les énergies renouvelables.

liquidity

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

liquidité

liquidité

Ex: Investors often prefer assets with good liquidity for flexibility. 

Les investisseurs préfèrent souvent les actifs avec une bonne liquidité pour la flexibilité.

monetarism

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

monétarisme

monétarisme

Ex: Under monetarism, central banks focus on managing the growth rate of money. 

Sous le monétarisme, les banques centrales se concentrent sur la gestion du taux de croissance de la monnaie.

overdraft

a deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is available

découvert, dépassement de découvert

découvert, dépassement de découvert

Ex: She was worried about an overdraft when her check bounced. 

Elle s'inquiétait d'un découvert lorsque son chèque a été rejeté.

to quote
to quote
[verbe]

to estimate how much money something will cost

deviser, estimer

deviser, estimer

Ex: The car mechanic quoted $500 for the repairs to the engine. 
commodity

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

marchandise

marchandise

Ex: The company invests in commodities such as gold, wheat, and coffee. 
conglomerate

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

conglomérat

conglomérat

Ex: Despite its diverse portfolio, the conglomerate struggled to achieve synergy among its subsidiaries. 

Malgré son portefeuille diversifié, le conglomérat a eu du mal à réaliser une synergie entre ses filiales.

dividend

a share of a company's profits paid to its shareholders

dividende

dividende

Ex: Maria receives a dividend from the shares she inherited from her father. 
proprietor

the owner of a property or business

propriétaire

propriétaire

Ex: As the new proprietor, she revamped the cafe’s menu. 

En tant que nouvelle propriétaire, elle a refait le menu du café.

subsidiary

a company owned or controlled by another, usually larger, company

filiale

filiale

Ex: Emma was transferred to a subsidiary of the parent company. 
venture
venture
[nom]

a business activity that is mostly very risky

entreprise risquée, entreprise hasardeuse, aventure

entreprise risquée, entreprise hasardeuse, aventure

Ex: The venture into international markets proved challenging. 
artisan
artisan
[nom]

a skilled craftsperson who creates objects partly or entirely by hand

artisan, artisane

artisan, artisane

Ex: She bought a handmade scarf from a local artisan. 

Elle a acheté une écharpe artisanale à un artisan local.

labor-intensive
labor-intensive
[Adjectif]

related to a line of work that requires large groups of workers to be able to function

à forte intensité de main-d'œuvre, gourmand en main-d'œuvre

à forte intensité de main-d'œuvre, gourmand en main-d'œuvre

Ex: Manufacturing cars can be labor-intensive without automation. 

La fabrication de voitures peut être à forte intensité de main-d'œuvre sans automatisation.

menial
menial
[Adjectif]

(of work) not requiring special skills, often considered unimportant and poorly paid

subalterne

subalterne

Ex: He felt overqualified for the menial duties assigned to him. 

Il se sentait surqualifié pour les tâches subalternes qui lui étaient assignées.

painstaking
painstaking
[Adjectif]

requiring a lot of effort and time

minutieux, rigoureux

minutieux, rigoureux

Ex: The artist's masterpiece was created through years of painstaking work and attention to detail. 

Le chef-d'œuvre de l'artiste a été créé grâce à des années de travail méticuleux et d'attention aux détails.

sabbatical

a paid leave from work, often taken every seven years, for study or personal growth

un congé sabbatique, une année sabbatique

un congé sabbatique, une année sabbatique

Ex: During his sabbatical, he traveled to study ancient cultures. 

Pendant son congé sabbatique, il a voyagé pour étudier les cultures anciennes.

taxing
taxing
[Adjectif]

demanding or requiring a considerable amount of effort and energy to deal with

épuisant, exténuant

épuisant, exténuant

Ex: Studying for finals can be extremely taxing on students. 

Préparer les examens finaux peut être extrêmement éprouvant pour les étudiants.

tedious
tedious
[Adjectif]

boring and repetitive, often causing frustration or weariness due to a lack of variety or interest

ennuyeux

ennuyeux

Ex: The tedious process of data entry required hours of concentration and attention to detail. 

Le processus fastidieux de saisie de données nécessitait des heures de concentration et d'attention aux détails.

minute
minute
[nom]

a written record summarizing the proceedings and decisions made

compte-rendu, procès-verbal

compte-rendu, procès-verbal

Ex: The minute detailed all the decisions made by the board. 
hectic
hectic
[Adjectif]

extremely busy and chaotic

mouvementé

mouvementé

Ex: They managed to complete the project despite the hectic pace of the last few weeks. 

Ils ont réussi à terminer le projet malgré le rythme effréné des dernières semaines.

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