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Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE - ¡El Dinero No Crece en los Árboles!

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre finanzas, como "audit", "undercut", "subsidy", etc. que se necesitan para el examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
audit
audit
[Sustantivo]

a formal examination of financial records to check that they are accurate and properly maintained

auditoría

auditoría

Ex: An independent accountant carried out the audit. 
bankroll
bankroll
[Sustantivo]

the total amount of money a person or business has for spending or investing

efectivo

efectivo

Ex: The investor used his bankroll to buy shares in several startups. 

El inversor utilizó su capital para comprar acciones en varias startups.

bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

bancarrota

bancarrota

Ex: Bankruptcy can provide a fresh start for individuals in severe debt. 
voucher
voucher
[Sustantivo]

a digital code or a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money when making a purchase or used to receive a discount

cupón

cupón

Ex: He redeemed his voucher for a free movie ticket at the theater box office. 

Canjeó su vale por una entrada de cine gratis en la taquilla del teatro.

to undercut

to demand a lower price than one's rivals

vender más barato que, vender a precios más bajos que

vender más barato que, vender a precios más bajos que

Ex: The company is currently undercutting prices to increase sales in a tough market. 

La empresa está actualmente rebajando los precios para aumentar las ventas en un mercado difícil.

treasury
treasury
[Sustantivo]

the money, funds, or financial resources belonging to a government, organization, or institution

tesorería, erario

tesorería, erario

Ex: Higher revenues added considerably to the state treasury. 
tax evasion
tax evasion
[Sustantivo]

the illegal acts done to pay less tax than what is owed or to avoid paying taxes altogether

evasión fiscal

evasión fiscal

Ex: The government implemented stricter penalties for tax evasion in an effort to deter individuals and corporations from engaging in fraudulent tax practices. 

El gobierno implementó sanciones más estrictas por evasión fiscal en un esfuerzo por disuadir a individuos y corporaciones de participar en prácticas fiscales fraudulentas.

taxation
taxation
[Sustantivo]

the system or process by which a government imposes and collects taxes

impuestos

impuestos

Ex: The course examines taxation in several different countries. 
tariff
tariff
[Sustantivo]

a tax imposed by a government on goods imported into or exported from a country

tarifa

tarifa

Ex: The company must pay a tariff on each shipment it imports. 
subsidy
subsidy
[Sustantivo]

money provided by a government or organization to support or encourage an activity, industry, service, or expense

subvención, subsidio

subvención, subsidio

Ex: The company received a subsidy to help develop renewable energy technology. 
stagflation
stagflation
[Sustantivo]

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

estanflación

estanflación

Ex: The government tried various strategies to combat stagflation with limited success. 

El gobierno intentó varias estrategias para combatir la estanflación con éxito limitado.

collateral
collateral
[Sustantivo]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

garantía

garantía

Ex: In the event of default, the lender has the right to seize and sell the collateral to recover the outstanding debt. 

En caso de incumplimiento, el prestamista tiene derecho a embargar y vender la garantía para recuperar la deuda pendiente.

contingency
contingency
[Sustantivo]

the funds that are set aside for unforeseen expenses that may arise in the future

fondo para imprevistos

fondo para imprevistos

Ex: Non-profit organizations often establish contingency funds to prepare for unexpected drops in donations or to address urgent community needs. 

Las organizaciones sin fines de lucro a menudo establecen fondos de contingencia para prepararse ante caídas inesperadas de donaciones o para abordar necesidades urgentes de la comunidad.

cryptocurrency
cryptocurrency
[Sustantivo]

a digital or virtual form of currency secured by cryptography

criptomoneda

criptomoneda

Ex: She uses cryptocurrency to make international payments quickly. 

Ella usa criptomoneda para hacer pagos internacionales rápidamente.

depression
depression
[Sustantivo]

a prolonged period of severe economic decline marked by low business activity and high unemployment

depresión

depresión

Ex: A prolonged depression forced many small businesses to close. 
equity
equity
[Sustantivo]

the value of an asset after subtracting any debts or other financial claims against it

patrimonio neto

patrimonio neto

Ex: The company sold the building and realized its remaining equity. 
face value
face value
[Sustantivo]

the obvious meaning or worth of something, without looking deeper

valor nominal

valor nominal

Ex: It's important to not always accept news headlines at face value. 

Es importante no siempre aceptar los titulares de las noticias al valor nominal.

fiscal
fiscal
[Adjetivo]

relating to government revenue, spending, taxation, or other public finances

fiscal

fiscal

Ex: Rising debt has created serious fiscal pressures for the government. 
fluctuation
fluctuation
[Sustantivo]

the irregular or unpredictable variation in something over time, characterized by alternating changes

fluctuación

fluctuación

Ex: Energy prices are subject to frequent fluctuations. 

Los precios de la energía están sujetos a fluctuaciones frecuentes.

incentive
incentive
[Sustantivo]

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

incentivo

incentivo

Ex: The loyalty program offered discounts and rewards as incentives for frequent customers. 

El programa de fidelidad ofrecía descuentos y recompensas como incentivos para los clientes frecuentes.

liquidity
liquidity
[Sustantivo]

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

liquidez

liquidez

Ex: During a crisis, liquidity can be a lifeline for businesses. 

Durante una crisis, la liquidez puede ser un salvavidas para las empresas.

monetarism
monetarism
[Sustantivo]

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

monetarismo

monetarismo

Ex: Monetarism suggests that inflation can be controlled by regulating the money supply. 

El monetarismo sugiere que la inflación puede controlarse regulando la oferta monetaria.

overdraft
overdraft
[Sustantivo]

a deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is available

descubierto, saldo deudor

descubierto, saldo deudor

Ex: He incurred an overdraft after spending more than his account balance. 

Contrajo un sobregiro después de gastar más que el saldo de su cuenta.

to quote
to quote
[Verbo]

to estimate how much money something will cost

ofrecer, dar

ofrecer, dar

Ex: The insurance company quoted a monthly premium of $150 for the coverage. 
commodity
commodity
[Sustantivo]

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

materia prima

materia prima

Ex: Copper prices rose sharply on international commodity markets. 
conglomerate
conglomerate
[Sustantivo]

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

conglomerado

conglomerado

Ex: The conglomerate's stock price soared after announcing plans to divest non-core businesses and focus on its core strengths. 

El precio de las acciones del conglomerado se disparó después de anunciar planes para desinvertir en negocios no esenciales y centrarse en sus fortalezas principales.

dividend
dividend
[Sustantivo]

a share of a company's profits paid to its shareholders

dividendo

dividendo

Ex: Investors were disappointed when the board decided not to pay a dividend. 
proprietor
proprietor
[Sustantivo]

the owner of a property or business

propietario

propietario

Ex: He became the sole proprietor of the family business. 

Se convirtió en el propietario único del negocio familiar.

subsidiary
subsidiary
[Sustantivo]

a company owned or controlled by another, usually larger, company

filial

filial

Ex: The corporation sold one of its overseas subsidiaries last year. 
venture
venture
[Sustantivo]

a business activity that is mostly very risky

emprendimiento

emprendimiento

Ex: Investors were hesitant to fund the risky venture. 
artisan
artisan
[Sustantivo]

a skilled craftsperson who creates objects partly or entirely by hand

artesano

artesano

Ex: The artisan's jewelry designs are unique and intricate. 

Los diseños de joyería del artesano son únicos e intrincados.

labor-intensive
labor-intensive
[Adjetivo]

related to a line of work that requires large groups of workers to be able to function

trabajoso

trabajoso

Ex: Mining is a labor-intensive job, needing a large workforce. 

La minería es un trabajo intensivo en mano de obra, que necesita una gran fuerza laboral.

menial
menial
[Adjetivo]

(of work) not requiring special skills, often considered unimportant and poorly paid

de baja categoría

de baja categoría

Ex: Many people avoid menial jobs, but they are crucial to the economy. 

Mucha gente evita los trabajos serviles, pero son cruciales para la economía.

painstaking
painstaking
[Adjetivo]

requiring a lot of effort and time

meticuloso

meticuloso

Ex: The restoration of the historic building required painstaking effort to preserve its original features. 

La restauración del edificio histórico requirió un esfuerzo minucioso para preservar sus características originales.

sabbatical
sabbatical
[Sustantivo]

a paid leave from work, often taken every seven years, for study or personal growth

año sabático, período sabático

año sabático, período sabático

Ex: The professor used her sabbatical to conduct research abroad. 

El profesor utilizó su año sabático para realizar investigaciones en el extranjero.

taxing
taxing
[Adjetivo]

demanding or requiring a considerable amount of effort and energy to deal with

difícil, arduo

difícil, arduo

Ex: Caring for a newborn is a taxing responsibility for new parents. 

Cuidar a un recién nacido es una responsabilidad agotadora para los nuevos padres.

tedious
tedious
[Adjetivo]

boring and repetitive, often causing frustration or weariness due to a lack of variety or interest

tedioso, aburrido

tedioso, aburrido

Ex: The tedious commute to work in heavy traffic was a daily ordeal for many city dwellers. 

El viaje tedioso al trabajo en medio del tráfico pesado era un suplicio diario para muchos habitantes de la ciudad.

minute
minute
[Sustantivo]

a written record summarizing the proceedings and decisions made

minuta

minuta

Ex: He reviewed the minute to prepare for the next discussion. 
hectic
hectic
[Adjetivo]

extremely busy and chaotic

agitado

agitado

Ex: The holiday season was particularly hectic for retail employees. 

La temporada navideña fue particularmente agitada para los empleados minoristas.

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