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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa GRE - Money Doesn't Grow on Trees!

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa pananalapi, tulad ng "audit", "undercut", "subsidy", atbp., na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
audit
[Pangngalan]

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

audit, pagsusuri sa pananalapi

audit, pagsusuri sa pananalapi

Ex: The IRS conducted a tax audit to verify the accuracy of the individual 's tax returns .Ang IRS ay nagsagawa ng isang **audit** sa buwis upang patunayan ang katumpakan ng mga tax return ng indibidwal.
bankroll
[Pangngalan]

the total amount of money a person or business has for spending or investing

pondo, kabuuang halaga ng pera

pondo, kabuuang halaga ng pera

Ex: They decided to expand their business with the extra bankroll.Nagpasya silang palawakin ang kanilang negosyo sa karagdagang **puhunan**.
bankruptcy
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

pagkabangkarote, pagsasara

pagkabangkarote, pagsasara

Ex: The risk of bankruptcy increased as the market conditions worsened .Ang panganib ng **pagkabangkarote** ay tumaas habang lumalala ang mga kondisyon ng merkado.
voucher
[Pangngalan]

a digital code or a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money when making a purchase or used to receive a discount

bono, gift voucher

bono, gift voucher

Ex: She won a travel voucher in a raffle, which she used to book a weekend getaway.Nanalo siya ng isang **voucher** sa paglalakbay sa isang raffle, na ginamit niya para mag-book ng isang weekend getaway.
to undercut
[Pandiwa]

to demand a lower price than one's rivals

ibaba ang presyo, pababain ang presyo

ibaba ang presyo, pababain ang presyo

Ex: While the market was experiencing fluctuations , airlines were actively undercutting fares to attract passengers .Habang ang merkado ay nakakaranas ng pagbabago-bago, ang mga airline ay aktibong **nagbabawas ng pamasahe** upang makaakit ng mga pasahero.
treasury
[Pangngalan]

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

kaban, ingatang-yaman

kaban, ingatang-yaman

Ex: The treasury is responsible for managing the country 's financial assets .Ang **ingatang-yaman** ang responsable sa pamamahala ng mga pinansyal na asset ng bansa.
tax evasion
[Pangngalan]

the illegal acts done to pay less tax than what is owed or to avoid paying taxes altogether

pag-iwas sa buwis, panlilinlang sa buwis

pag-iwas sa buwis, panlilinlang sa buwis

Ex: The accountant was charged with aiding and abetting tax evasion by advising clients on illegal methods to evade taxes .Ang accountant ay sinampahan ng kaso sa pagtulong at pag-udyok sa **pag-iwas sa buwis** sa pamamagitan ng pagpapayo sa mga kliyente ng mga ilegal na paraan para umiwas sa buwis.
taxation
[Pangngalan]

the system by which a government collects money from citizens and businesses to fund public services

pagbubuwis, sistema ng buwis

pagbubuwis, sistema ng buwis

Ex: Taxation allows the government to provide social welfare programs .Ang **pagbubuwis** ay nagbibigay-daan sa pamahalaan na magbigay ng mga programa sa kapakanang panlipunan.
tariff
[Pangngalan]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

taripa, buwis sa customs

taripa, buwis sa customs

Ex: Businesses are concerned about potential tariff increases that could impact their supply chain costs .Nag-aalala ang mga negosyo tungkol sa posibleng pagtaas ng **taripa** na maaaring makaapekto sa kanilang mga gastos sa supply chain.
subsidy
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

subsidy, tulong pinansyal

subsidy, tulong pinansyal

Ex: The arts organization relies on government subsidies to fund its cultural programs and events .Ang organisasyon ng sining ay umaasa sa mga **subsidy** ng gobyerno upang pondohan ang mga programa at kaganapan nito sa kultura.
stagflation
[Pangngalan]

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

stagpagsikad, stagpagsikad ng ekonomiya

stagpagsikad, stagpagsikad ng ekonomiya

Ex: Policymakers were puzzled by the stagflation, as both inflation and unemployment rose .Nalito ang mga policymaker sa **stagflation**, dahil parehong tumaas ang inflation at unemployment.
collateral
[Pangngalan]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

garantiya,  sangla

garantiya, sangla

Ex: The entrepreneur pledged his stock portfolio as collateral to secure the business loan needed to expand his company .Ang negosyante ay nangako ng kanyang stock portfolio bilang **sangla** upang matiyak ang negosyo na pautang na kailangan para palawakin ang kanyang kumpanya.
contingency
[Pangngalan]

the funds that are set aside for unforeseen expenses that may arise in the future

kontingensya

kontingensya

Ex: Personal finance experts recommend building a contingency fund equivalent to three to six months ' worth of living expenses to provide a financial buffer in case of job loss or medical emergencies .Inirerekomenda ng mga eksperto sa personal na pananalapi ang pagbuo ng isang **kontingensya** na pondo na katumbas ng tatlo hanggang anim na buwan na halaga ng mga gastos sa pamumuhay upang magbigay ng isang financial buffer sa kaso ng pagkawala ng trabaho o mga emergency medikal.
cryptocurrency
[Pangngalan]

a digital or virtual form of currency secured by cryptography

cryptocurrency, perang cryptographic

cryptocurrency, perang cryptographic

Ex: Many online stores now accept cryptocurrency as payment .Maraming online store ngayon ang tumatanggap ng **cryptocurrency** bilang bayad.
depression
[Pangngalan]

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

depresyon, krisis pang-ekonomiya

depresyon, krisis pang-ekonomiya

Ex: The global economy entered a deep depression following the financial crisis of 2008 .Ang pandaigdigang ekonomiya ay pumasok sa isang malalim na **depression** kasunod ng krisis sa pananalapi noong 2008.
equity
[Pangngalan]

the money one owns in a property after paying back any money one borrowed to buy it

equity, netong halaga

equity, netong halaga

Ex: She gained more equity in her home after paying off part of the mortgage .Nakakuha siya ng mas maraming **equity** sa kanyang bahay matapos bayaran ang bahagi ng mortgage.
face value
[Pangngalan]

the obvious meaning or worth of something, without looking deeper

halaga ng mukha, halatang kahulugan

halaga ng mukha, halatang kahulugan

Ex: At face value, the deal seemed fair , but a closer look showed hidden costs .Sa **mukhang halaga**, ang deal ay tila patas, ngunit ang isang mas malapit na tingin ay nagpakita ng mga nakatagong gastos.
fiscal
[pang-uri]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

piskal, badyet

piskal, badyet

Ex: Fiscal responsibility is essential for maintaining the stability of the economy .Ang responsibilidad **sa pananalapi** ay mahalaga para mapanatili ang katatagan ng ekonomiya.
fluctuation
[Pangngalan]

the irregular or unpredictable variation in something over time, characterized by alternating changes

pagbabago-bago, pagkakaiba-iba

pagbabago-bago, pagkakaiba-iba

Ex: Currency fluctuations affected the company 's international profits .Ang **pagbabago-bago** ng pera ay nakaaapekto sa kita ng kumpanya sa ibang bansa.
incentive
[Pangngalan]

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

insentibo,  bonus

insentibo, bonus

Ex: The government introduced subsidies as an incentive for farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices .Ang pamahalaan ay nagpakilala ng mga subsidy bilang **insentibo** para sa mga magsasaka na magpatibay ng mga sustainable agricultural practices.
liquidity
[Pangngalan]

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

likididad

likididad

Ex: The central bank provided liquidity to the financial markets .Ang bangko sentral ay nagbigay ng **likididad** sa mga pamilihang pinansyal.
monetarism
[Pangngalan]

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

monetarismo, teoryang pananalapi

monetarismo, teoryang pananalapi

Ex: Supporters of monetarism believe that a stable money supply ensures economic stability .Ang mga tagasuporta ng **monetarismo** ay naniniwala na ang isang matatag na suplay ng pera ay nagsisiguro ng katatagan sa ekonomiya.
overdraft
[Pangngalan]

a deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is available

overdraft, labis na pag-withdraw

overdraft, labis na pag-withdraw

Ex: The overdraft occurred because of an automatic bill payment .Ang **overdraft** ay nangyari dahil sa isang awtomatikong pagbabayad ng bill.
to quote
[Pandiwa]

to estimate how much money something will cost

magpresyo, mag-estimate ng gastos

magpresyo, mag-estimate ng gastos

Ex: The graphic designer quoted $ 500 for creating a logo for our business .Ang graphic designer ay **nag-quote** ng $500 para sa paggawa ng logo para sa aming negosyo.
commodity
[Pangngalan]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

kalakal, hilaw na materyal

kalakal, hilaw na materyal

Ex: Investors often include commodities in their portfolios as a hedge against inflation and market volatility .Kadalasang isinasama ng mga investor ang **commodities** sa kanilang portfolio bilang proteksyon laban sa inflation at market volatility.
conglomerate
[Pangngalan]

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

konglomerado, grupo

konglomerado, grupo

Ex: Shareholders expressed concerns about the conglomerate's complex corporate structure and urged management to streamline operations for better efficiency .Nagpahayag ng mga alalahanin ang mga shareholder tungkol sa kumplikadong istruktura ng korporasyon ng **konglomerado** at hinimok ang pamamahala na gawing simple ang mga operasyon para sa mas mahusay na kahusayan.
dividend
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

dividendo

dividendo

Ex: The board decided to increase the dividend this year .Nagpasya ang lupon na taasan ang **dividend** ngayong taon.
proprietor
[Pangngalan]

the owner of a property or business

may-ari, nagmamay-ari

may-ari, nagmamay-ari

Ex: She spoke with the proprietor about renting a space for her event .Nakipag-usap siya sa **may-ari** tungkol sa pag-upa ng espasyo para sa kanyang event.
subsidiary
[Pangngalan]

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

subsidiary, kumpanyang kaakibat

subsidiary, kumpanyang kaakibat

Ex: The retail chain has subsidiaries in different countries .Ang retail chain ay may mga **subsidiary** sa iba't ibang bansa.
venture
[Pangngalan]

a business activity that is mostly very risky

negosyo, proyekto

negosyo, proyekto

Ex: Launching a new product line was a risky venture for the company.Ang paglulunsad ng isang bagong linya ng produkto ay isang mapanganib na **venture** para sa kumpanya.
artisan
[Pangngalan]

a skilled craftsperson who creates objects partly or entirely by hand

artesano, manggagawa

artesano, manggagawa

Ex: An artisan created the stained glass windows in the church.Isang **artisan** ang gumawa ng mga stained glass window sa simbahan.
labor-intensive
[pang-uri]

related to a line of work that requires large groups of workers to be able to function

matrabaho, nangangailangan ng maraming manggagawa

matrabaho, nangangailangan ng maraming manggagawa

Ex: The production of handcrafted goods is often labor-intensive.Ang produksyon ng mga handcrafted na kalakal ay madalas na **labor-intensive**.
menial
[pang-uri]

(of work) not requiring special skills, often considered unimportant and poorly paid

mababa, karaniwan

mababa, karaniwan

Ex: The company hires temporary workers for menial tasks like filing and data entry .Ang kumpanya ay kumukuha ng mga pansamantalang manggagawa para sa mga **karaniwan** na gawain tulad ng pag-file at pagpasok ng data.
painstaking
[pang-uri]

requiring a lot of effort and time

maingat, masigasig

maingat, masigasig

Ex: Writing the report was a painstaking process , involving thorough research and careful editing .Ang pagsulat ng ulat ay isang **masinsinang** proseso, na nagsasangkot ng masusing pagsasaliksik at maingat na pag-edit.
sabbatical
[Pangngalan]

a paid leave from work, often taken every seven years, for study or personal growth

isang sabatikal, taon ng sabatikal

isang sabatikal, taon ng sabatikal

Ex: On her sabbatical, she focused on completing her book .Sa kanyang **sabbatical**, nag-focus siya sa pagtatapos ng kanyang libro.
taxing
[pang-uri]

demanding or requiring a considerable amount of effort and energy to deal with

nakakapagod, mahirap

nakakapagod, mahirap

Ex: Managing multiple deadlines became quite taxing.Ang pamamahala ng maraming deadline ay naging medyo **nakakapagod**.
tedious
[pang-uri]

boring and repetitive, often causing frustration or weariness due to a lack of variety or interest

nakakainip, nakakapagod

nakakainip, nakakapagod

Ex: Sorting through the clutter in the attic proved to be a tedious and time-consuming endeavor .Ang pag-aayos ng kalat sa attic ay napatunayang isang **nakakabagot** at matagal na gawain.
minute
[Pangngalan]

a written record summarizing the proceedings and decisions made

katitikan, minuto

katitikan, minuto

Ex: The minute noted the agreement to increase the budget .Ang **minuto** ay nagtala ng kasunduan upang taasan ang badyet.
hectic
[pang-uri]

extremely busy and chaotic

abalang-abala, magulo

abalang-abala, magulo

Ex: The last-minute changes made the event planning even more hectic than usual .Ang mga pagbabago sa huling minuto ay nagpahirap pa sa pagpaplano ng kaganapan kaysa karaniwan.
Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa GRE
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