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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Peníze nerostou na stromech!

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o financích, jako jsou "audit", "undercut", "subsidy" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
audit
audit
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

audit, finanční kontrola

audit, finanční kontrola

Ex: The company underwent an audit to ensure compliance with financial regulations. 
bankroll
bankroll
[Podstatné jméno]

the total amount of money a person or business has for spending or investing

financování, kapitál

financování, kapitál

Ex: The company increased its bankroll for the new project. 
bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

bankrot, úpadek

bankrot, úpadek

Ex: The company declared bankruptcy after years of financial losses. 
voucher
voucher
[Podstatné jméno]

a digital code or a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money when making a purchase or used to receive a discount

kupón, dárkový poukaz

kupón, dárkový poukaz

Ex: She received a gift voucher for her favorite restaurant as a birthday present. 
to undercut
to undercut
[sloveso]

to demand a lower price than one's rivals

podcenit, snižovat ceny

podcenit, snižovat ceny

Ex: In a competitive market, businesses may undercut their rivals to attract price-sensitive customers. 
treasury
treasury
[Podstatné jméno]

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

pokladna, státní pokladna

pokladna, státní pokladna

Ex: The government announced a new budget for the national treasury. 
tax evasion
tax evasion
[Podstatné jméno]

the illegal acts done to pay less tax than what is owed or to avoid paying taxes altogether

daňový únik, daňový podvod

daňový únik, daňový podvod

Ex: The wealthy businessman was convicted of tax evasion after it was discovered that he had hidden millions of dollars in offshore accounts. 
taxation
taxation
[Podstatné jméno]

the system by which a government collects money from citizens and businesses to fund public services

zdanění, daňový systém

zdanění, daňový systém

Ex: Taxation is necessary to fund public schools and hospitals. 
tariff
tariff
[Podstatné jméno]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

tarif, clo

tarif, clo

Ex: The government imposed a tariff on imported steel to protect domestic producers. 
subsidy
subsidy
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

dotace, finanční podpora

dotace, finanční podpora

Ex: The government provides subsidies to farmers to support agricultural production and maintain food security. 
stagflation
stagflation
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

stagflace, inflace se stagnací

stagflace, inflace se stagnací

Ex: The country experienced stagflation, with prices rising and jobs disappearing. 
collateral
collateral
[Podstatné jméno]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

zástava,  kolaterál

zástava, kolaterál

Ex: When securing a loan, the bank often requires borrowers to provide collateral, such as real estate or vehicles, to mitigate the risk of default. 
contingency
contingency
[Podstatné jméno]

the funds that are set aside for unforeseen expenses that may arise in the future

rezerva

rezerva

Ex: The company allocated a portion of its budget as a contingency to cover unexpected costs, such as equipment repairs or legal fees. 
cryptocurrency
cryptocurrency
[Podstatné jméno]

a digital or virtual form of currency secured by cryptography

kryptoměna, kryptografická měna

kryptoměna, kryptografická měna

Ex: Bitcoin is a popular type of cryptocurrency. 
depression
depression
[Podstatné jméno]

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

deprese, hospodářská krize

deprese, hospodářská krize

Ex: The Great Depression of the 1930s saw widespread unemployment and severe economic hardship. 
equity
equity
[Podstatné jméno]

the value of an asset after deducting all claims, debts, or liens against it

čistá hodnota, vlastní kapitál

čistá hodnota, vlastní kapitál

Ex: After paying off the mortgage, they had $120,000 in equity in their home. 
face value
face value
[Podstatné jméno]

the obvious meaning or worth of something, without looking deeper

nominální hodnota, zjevný význam

nominální hodnota, zjevný význam

Ex: He took the promise at face value without questioning it. 
fiscal
fiscal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

fiskální, rozpočtový

fiskální, rozpočtový

Ex: The government faces challenges in balancing fiscal priorities while addressing social needs. 
fluctuation
fluctuation
[Podstatné jméno]

the irregular or unpredictable variation in something over time, characterized by alternating changes

kolísání, variabilita

kolísání, variabilita

Ex: The stock market experienced significant fluctuations last week. 
incentive
incentive
[Podstatné jméno]

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

pobídka,  bonus

pobídka, bonus

Ex: The company offered a bonus as an incentive for employees who exceeded their sales targets. 
liquidity
liquidity
[Podstatné jméno]

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

likvidita

likvidita

Ex: The company maintained high liquidity to cover unexpected expenses. 
monetarism
monetarism
[Podstatné jméno]

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

monetarismus, měnová teorie

monetarismus, měnová teorie

Ex: Monetarism emphasizes the role of monetary policy over fiscal policy. 
overdraft
overdraft
[Podstatné jméno]

a deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is available

přečerpání, povolený debet

přečerpání, povolený debet

Ex: The bank charged a fee for the overdraft on her account. 
to quote
to quote
[sloveso]

to estimate how much money something will cost

nacenit, odhadnout cenu

nacenit, odhadnout cenu

Ex: The contractor quoted us $10,000 for the kitchen renovation. 
commodity
commodity
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

zboží, surovina

zboží, surovina

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 
conglomerate
conglomerate
[Podstatné jméno]

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

konglomerát, skupina společností

konglomerát, skupina společností

Ex: The conglomerate expanded its operations by acquiring companies in various industries such as technology, healthcare, and consumer goods. 
dividend
dividend
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

dividenda

dividenda

Ex: The company announced a quarterly dividend of $1 per share. 
proprietor
proprietor
[Podstatné jméno]

the owner of a property or business

vlastník, majitel

vlastník, majitel

Ex: The proprietor of the bookstore greeted every customer personally. 
subsidiary
subsidiary
[Podstatné jméno]

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

dceřiná společnost, pobočka

dceřiná společnost, pobočka

Ex: The tech giant acquired a new subsidiary to expand its product line. 
venture
venture
[Podstatné jméno]

a business activity that is mostly very risky

podnik, projekt

podnik, projekt

Ex: They started a new venture in the tech industry, knowing the risks. 
artisan
artisan
[Podstatné jméno]

a skilled craftsperson who creates objects partly or entirely by hand

řemeslník, umělecký řemeslník

řemeslník, umělecký řemeslník

Ex: The artisan crafted beautiful pottery by hand. 
labor-intensive
labor-intensive
[Přídavné jméno]

related to a line of work that requires large groups of workers to be able to function

náročný na pracovní sílu, vyžadující velké množství pracovníků

náročný na pracovní sílu, vyžadující velké množství pracovníků

Ex: Farming is a labor-intensive industry, especially during harvest season. 
menial
menial
[Přídavné jméno]

(of work) not requiring special skills, often considered unimportant and poorly paid

podřadný, nízký

podřadný, nízký

Ex: She took a menial job to support herself during college. 
painstaking
painstaking
[Přídavné jméno]

requiring a lot of effort and time

pečlivý, důkladný

pečlivý, důkladný

Ex: She conducted a painstaking investigation to uncover the truth behind the mysterious disappearance. 
sabbatical
sabbatical
[Podstatné jméno]

a paid leave from work, often taken every seven years, for study or personal growth

sabat, sabatický rok

sabat, sabatický rok

Ex: She took a sabbatical to write her novel. 
taxing
taxing
[Přídavné jméno]

demanding or requiring a considerable amount of effort and energy to deal with

vyčerpávající, namáhavý

vyčerpávající, namáhavý

Ex: The marathon was a taxing experience for all the runners. 
tedious
tedious
[Přídavné jméno]

boring and repetitive, often causing frustration or weariness due to a lack of variety or interest

nudný, únavný

nudný, únavný

Ex: The tedious task of filing paperwork made the afternoon drag on. 
minute
minute
[Podstatné jméno]

a written record summarizing the proceedings and decisions made

zápis, minuta

zápis, minuta

Ex: She was responsible for taking the minute during the meeting. 
hectic
hectic
[Přídavné jméno]

extremely busy and chaotic

hektický, chaotický

hektický, chaotický

Ex: The office was always hectic during the end of the month with deadlines approaching. 
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