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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - Money Doesn't Grow on Trees!

Here you will learn some English words about finance, such as "audit", "undercut", "subsidy", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
audit
audit
[noun]

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

Ex: The company underwent an audit to ensure compliance with financial regulations. 
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bankroll
bankroll
[noun]

the total amount of money a person or business has for spending or investing

Ex: The company increased its bankroll for the new project. 
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bankruptcy

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

Ex: The company declared bankruptcy after years of financial losses. 
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voucher
voucher
[noun]

a digital code or a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money when making a purchase or used to receive a discount

Ex: She received a gift voucher for her favorite restaurant as a birthday present. 
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to undercut

to demand a lower price than one's rivals

Ex: In a competitive market, businesses may undercut their rivals to attract price-sensitive customers. 
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treasury
treasury
[noun]

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

Ex: The government announced a new budget for the national treasury. 
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tax evasion

the illegal acts done to pay less tax than what is owed or to avoid paying taxes altogether

Ex: The wealthy businessman was convicted of tax evasion after it was discovered that he had hidden millions of dollars in offshore accounts. 
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taxation
taxation
[noun]

the system by which a government collects money from citizens and businesses to fund public services

Ex: Taxation is necessary to fund public schools and hospitals. 
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tariff
tariff
[noun]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

Ex: The government imposed a tariff on imported steel to protect domestic producers. 
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subsidy
subsidy
[noun]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

Ex: The government provides subsidies to farmers to support agricultural production and maintain food security. 
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stagflation

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

Ex: The country experienced stagflation, with prices rising and jobs disappearing. 
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collateral

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

Ex: When securing a loan, the bank often requires borrowers to provide collateral, such as real estate or vehicles, to mitigate the risk of default. 
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contingency

the funds that are set aside for unforeseen expenses that may arise in the future

Ex: The company allocated a portion of its budget as a contingency to cover unexpected costs, such as equipment repairs or legal fees. 
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cryptocurrency

a digital or virtual form of currency secured by cryptography

Ex: Bitcoin is a popular type of cryptocurrency. 
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depression

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

Ex: The Great Depression of the 1930s saw widespread unemployment and severe economic hardship. 
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equity
equity
[noun]

the value of an asset after deducting all claims, debts, or liens against it

Ex: After paying off the mortgage, they had $120,000 in equity in their home. 
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face value

the obvious meaning or worth of something, without looking deeper

Ex: He took the promise at face value without questioning it. 
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fiscal
fiscal
[Adjective]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

Ex: The government faces challenges in balancing fiscal priorities while addressing social needs. 
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fluctuation

the irregular or unpredictable variation in something over time, characterized by alternating changes

Ex: The stock market experienced significant fluctuations last week. 
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incentive
incentive
[noun]

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

Ex: The company offered a bonus as an incentive for employees who exceeded their sales targets. 
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liquidity
liquidity
[noun]

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

Ex: The company maintained high liquidity to cover unexpected expenses. 
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monetarism

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

Ex: Monetarism emphasizes the role of monetary policy over fiscal policy. 
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overdraft
overdraft
[noun]

a deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is available

Ex: The bank charged a fee for the overdraft on her account. 
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to quote
to quote
[Verb]

to estimate how much money something will cost

Ex: The contractor quoted us $10,000 for the kitchen renovation. 
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commodity
commodity
[noun]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 
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conglomerate

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

Ex: The conglomerate expanded its operations by acquiring companies in various industries such as technology, healthcare, and consumer goods. 
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dividend
dividend
[noun]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

Ex: The company announced a quarterly dividend of $1 per share. 
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proprietor

the owner of a property or business

Ex: The proprietor of the bookstore greeted every customer personally. 
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subsidiary

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

Ex: The tech giant acquired a new subsidiary to expand its product line. 
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venture
venture
[noun]

a business activity that is mostly very risky

Ex: They started a new venture in the tech industry, knowing the risks. 
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artisan
artisan
[noun]

a skilled craftsperson who creates objects partly or entirely by hand

Ex: The artisan crafted beautiful pottery by hand. 
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labor-intensive
labor-intensive
[Adjective]

related to a line of work that requires large groups of workers to be able to function

Ex: Farming is a labor-intensive industry, especially during harvest season. 
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menial
menial
[Adjective]

(of work) not requiring special skills, often considered unimportant and poorly paid

Ex: She took a menial job to support herself during college. 
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painstaking
painstaking
[Adjective]

requiring a lot of effort and time

Ex: She conducted a painstaking investigation to uncover the truth behind the mysterious disappearance. 
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sabbatical

a paid leave from work, often taken every seven years, for study or personal growth

Ex: She took a sabbatical to write her novel. 
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taxing
taxing
[Adjective]

demanding or requiring a considerable amount of effort and energy to deal with

Ex: The marathon was a taxing experience for all the runners. 
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tedious
tedious
[Adjective]

boring and repetitive, often causing frustration or weariness due to a lack of variety or interest

Ex: The tedious task of filing paperwork made the afternoon drag on. 
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minute
minute
[noun]

a written record summarizing the proceedings and decisions made

Ex: She was responsible for taking the minute during the meeting. 
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hectic
hectic
[Adjective]

extremely busy and chaotic

Ex: The office was always hectic during the end of the month with deadlines approaching. 
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