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GRE のための基本語彙 - お金は木には育たない!

ここでは、GRE試験に必要な「監査」「アンダーカット」「補助金」などの金融に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
audit

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

監査, オーディット

監査, オーディット

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[名詞]
bankroll

the total amount of money a person or business has for spending or investing

資金, 資本

資金, 資本

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[名詞]
bankruptcy

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

破産, 倒産

破産, 倒産

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[名詞]
voucher

a digital code or a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money when making a purchase or used to receive a discount

バウチャー, クーポン

バウチャー, クーポン

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[名詞]
to undercut

to demand a lower price than one's rivals

競合より安くする, 相手より低い価格で売る

競合より安くする, 相手より低い価格で売る

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[動詞]
treasury

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

財務省, 財庫

財務省, 財庫

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[名詞]
tax evasion

the illegal acts done to pay less tax than what is owed or to avoid paying taxes altogether

脱税, 税金逃れ

脱税, 税金逃れ

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[名詞]
taxation

the system by which a government collects money from citizens and businesses to fund public services

課税, 税制

課税, 税制

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[名詞]
tariff

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

関税, タリフ

関税, タリフ

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[名詞]
subsidy

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

補助金, 財政支援

補助金, 財政支援

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[名詞]
stagflation

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

スタグフレーション

スタグフレーション

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[名詞]
collateral

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

担保, コラテラル

担保, コラテラル

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[名詞]
contingency

the funds that are set aside for unforeseen expenses that may arise in the future

不測の事態のための資金, 予備費

不測の事態のための資金, 予備費

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[名詞]
cryptocurrency

a digital or virtual form of currency secured by cryptography

暗号通貨, デジタル通貨

暗号通貨, デジタル通貨

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[名詞]
depression

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

不況, 経済危機

不況, 経済危機

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[名詞]
equity

the money one owns in a property after paying back any money one borrowed to buy it

エクイティ, 資産

エクイティ, 資産

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[名詞]
face value

the obvious meaning or worth of something, without looking deeper

名目価値, 表面的な価値

名目価値, 表面的な価値

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[名詞]
fiscal

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

財政の, 予算の

財政の, 予算の

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[形容詞]
fluctuation

the irregular or unpredictable variation in something over time, characterized by alternating changes

変動, 浮動

変動, 浮動

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[名詞]
incentive

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

インセンティブ, 報奨金

インセンティブ, 報奨金

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[名詞]
liquidity

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

流動性, 金融流動性

流動性, 金融流動性

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[名詞]
monetarism

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

マネタリズム

マネタリズム

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[名詞]
overdraft

a deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is available

オーバードラフト, 残高不足

オーバードラフト, 残高不足

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[名詞]
to quote

to estimate how much money something will cost

見積もる, 引用する

見積もる, 引用する

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[動詞]
commodity

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

商品, コモディティ

商品, コモディティ

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[名詞]
conglomerate

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

コングロマリット, 企業グループ

コングロマリット, 企業グループ

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[名詞]
dividend

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

配当金

配当金

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[名詞]
proprietor

the owner of a property or business

所有者

所有者

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[名詞]
subsidiary

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

子会社, 関連会社

子会社, 関連会社

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[名詞]
venture

a business activity that is mostly very risky

リスクのある事業, 危険なプロジェクト

リスクのある事業, 危険なプロジェクト

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[名詞]
artisan

a skilled craftsperson who creates objects partly or entirely by hand

職人, アーティザン

職人, アーティザン

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[名詞]
labor-intensive

related to a line of work that requires large groups of workers to be able to function

労働集約的, 労働強度が高い

労働集約的, 労働強度が高い

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[形容詞]
menial

(of work) not requiring special skills, often considered unimportant and poorly paid

単純作業の, 重要でない

単純作業の, 重要でない

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[形容詞]
painstaking

requiring a lot of effort and time

骨の折れる, 丁寧な

骨の折れる, 丁寧な

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[形容詞]
sabbatical

a paid leave from work, often taken every seven years, for study or personal growth

サバティカル, サバティカル休暇

サバティカル, サバティカル休暇

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[名詞]
taxing

demanding or requiring a considerable amount of effort and energy to deal with

骨の折れる, 大変な

骨の折れる, 大変な

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[形容詞]
tedious

boring and repetitive, often causing frustration or weariness due to a lack of variety or interest

退屈な, 面倒な

退屈な, 面倒な

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[形容詞]
minute

a written record summarizing the proceedings and decisions made

議事録, ミニット

議事録, ミニット

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[名詞]
hectic

extremely busy and chaotic

慌ただしい, 混沌とした

慌ただしい, 混沌とした

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[形容詞]
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