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Sciences Naturelles SAT - Maladie et Pathologie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux maladies et à la pathologie, tels que "malin", "pronostic", "septicémie", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
benign
[Adjectif]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

bénin

bénin

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw was benign and did not require surgery .Le vétérinaire a informé le propriétaire de l'animal que la bosse sur la patte de leur chien était **bénigne** et ne nécessitait pas de chirurgie.
malignant
[Adjectif]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

malin

malin

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat the malignant disease .L'oncologue a recommandé une combinaison de chimiothérapie et de radiothérapie pour combattre la maladie **maligne**.
latent
[Adjectif]

(biology) inactive and waiting for a suitable condition

latent

latent

chronic
[Adjectif]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

chronique

chronique

Ex: Sarah 's chronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .Les migraines **chroniques** de Sarah durent souvent pendant des jours, malgré l'essai de différents médicaments.

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

syndrome

syndrome

Ex: Asperger 's syndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .Le **syndrome** d'Asperger, une forme de trouble du spectre autistique, se caractérise par des difficultés dans l'interaction sociale et la communication non verbale, ainsi que par des schémas de comportement et d'intérêts restreints et répétitifs.

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

affliction

affliction

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .**L'affliction** des migraines a rendu difficile pour elle de se concentrer et a perturbé sa routine quotidienne.
ailment
[nom]

an illness, often a minor one

affection, maladie

affection, maladie

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range of ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .La clinique propose un traitement pour une large gamme de **maladies**, des allergies aux affections chroniques.

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

pronostic

pronostic

Ex: The veterinarian discussed the prognosis for the cat 's kidney disease , outlining potential treatment options and expected outcomes .Le vétérinaire a discuté du **pronostic** pour la maladie rénale du chat, en décrivant les options de traitement potentielles et les résultats attendus.

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

contagion

contagion

Ex: Despite their efforts , the contagion spread rapidly , leading to a significant increase in hospital admissions .Malgré leurs efforts, la **contagion** s'est propagée rapidement, entraînant une augmentation significative des admissions à l'hôpital.

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

épidémie

épidémie

Ex: The epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system .L'**épidémie** a mis à rude épreuve le système de santé.

posing a significant risk to a person's life

mortel, qui met la vie en danger

mortel, qui met la vie en danger

Ex: A life-threatening allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention .Une réaction allergique **potentiellement mortelle** nécessite une attention médicale immédiate.
asymptomatic
[Adjectif]

(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it

asymptomatique

asymptomatique

Ex: Despite being asymptomatic, the patient was advised to monitor their health closely for any signs of illness .Bien qu'il soit **asymptomatique**, il a été conseillé au patient de surveiller de près sa santé pour tout signe de maladie.

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflammation

inflammation

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaucome, glaucoma

glaucome, glaucoma

Ex: Timely intervention through medication or surgery can help slow or prevent further vision loss in glaucoma.Une intervention rapide par des médicaments ou une chirurgie peut aider à ralentir ou à empêcher une perte de vision supplémentaire dans le cas du **glaucome**.
sepsis
[nom]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for effective sepsis management .

a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity

foie gras, stéatose hépatique

foie gras, stéatose hépatique

Ex: Fatty liver can progress to more serious liver conditions if not managed properly .Le **foie gras** peut évoluer vers des affections hépatiques plus graves s'il n'est pas pris en charge correctement.

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells

stéatose, infiltration graisseuse du foie

stéatose, infiltration graisseuse du foie

allergy
[nom]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergie

allergie

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy.Après être entrée en contact avec le chat, elle a subi une réaction allergique en raison de son **allergie** aux animaux.

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

commotion cérébrale

commotion cérébrale

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of the concussion and rule out any potential complications .Le médecin a ordonné un scanner cérébral pour évaluer la gravité de la **commotion cérébrale** et écarter toute complication potentielle.
autism
[nom]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autisme

autisme

a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure

hypertension

hypertension

a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke

maladie cardiovasculaire

maladie cardiovasculaire

Ex: Public health campaigns aim to raise awareness about the risks factors associated with cardiovascular disease.Les campagnes de santé publique visent à sensibiliser aux facteurs de risque associés aux **maladies cardiovasculaires**.

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculose

tuberculose

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrose kystique, mucoviscidose

fibrose kystique, mucoviscidose

Ex: Individuals with cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

fièvre jaune

fièvre jaune

virulent
[Adjectif]

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulent

virulent

Ex: The virulent bacteria spread quickly through the population, causing widespread illness.Les bactéries **virulentes** se sont rapidement propagées dans la population, provoquant une maladie généralisée.

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnie

insomnie

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Malgré une sensation d'épuisement, son **insomnie** lui a rendu impossible de passer une bonne nuit de repos.
obesity
[nom]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obésité

obésité

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Aborder **l'obésité** nécessite une approche multidimensionnelle qui inclut la promotion d'habitudes alimentaires saines, une activité physique régulière et des initiatives à l'échelle de la communauté.
trauma
[nom]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

traumatisme

traumatisme

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Assister à une catastrophe naturelle peut laisser les survivants avec un **traumatisme** durable et de la peur.

a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood

trouble du déficit de l'attention, hyperactivité avec déficit de l'attention

trouble du déficit de l'attention, hyperactivité avec déficit de l'attention

Ex: Strategies such as creating structured routines can help individuals with ADD manage daily activities more effectively.Des stratégies telles que la création de routines structurées peuvent aider les personnes atteintes de **trouble du déficit de l'attention** à gérer leurs activités quotidiennes plus efficacement.

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

démence

démence

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form of dementia.La maladie d'Alzheimer est une forme courante de **démence**.
mumps
[nom]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

oreillons

oreillons

measles
[nom]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

rougeole

rougeole

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Les complications de la **rougeole** peuvent inclure une pneumonie, une encéphalite (inflammation du cerveau) et, dans les cas graves, la mort.

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.La **narcolepsie** est souvent diagnostiquée grâce à une combinaison d'antécédents médicaux, d'études du sommeil et d'examens neurologiques.

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence

gigantisme

gigantisme

Ex: Early detection and management of gigantism are crucial to prevent irreversible effects on health .La détection précoce et la gestion du **gigantisme** sont cruciales pour prévenir des effets irréversibles sur la santé.

a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night

syndrome des jambes sans repos, impatiences

syndrome des jambes sans repos, impatiences

Ex: People with restless leg syndrome sometimes feel tingling or crawling sensations in their legs .Les personnes atteintes du **syndrome des jambes sans repos** ressentent parfois des picotements ou des sensations de rampement dans les jambes.

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

dermatite

dermatite

Ex: Scratching can worsen dermatitis, leading to more irritation and redness .Gratter peut aggraver la **dermatite**, entraînant plus d'irritation et de rougeurs.
fester
[nom]

a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort

suppuration, abcès

suppuration, abcès

Ex: The untreated scrape turned into a painful fester on his leg .L'éraflure non traitée s'est transformée en un **abcès** douloureux sur sa jambe.
Sciences Naturelles SAT
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