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Sciences Naturelles SAT - Maladie et Pathologie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux maladies et à la pathologie, tels que "malin", "pronostic", "septicémie", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
benign
benign
[Adjectif]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

bénin

bénin

Ex: The doctor assured him that the lump on his skin was benign and required no treatment. 

Le médecin l'a assuré que la bosse sur sa peau était bénigne et ne nécessitait aucun traitement.

malignant
malignant
[Adjectif]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

malin

malin

Ex: She underwent surgery to remove the malignant growth in her lung. 

Elle a subi une intervention chirurgicale pour enlever la tumeur maligne dans son poumon.

latent
latent
[Adjectif]

(of a medical condition or infection) present in the body but not currently producing symptoms

latent

latent

Ex: Tuberculosis can exist in a latent form for years. 

La tuberculose peut exister sous une forme latente pendant des années.

chronic
chronic
[Adjectif]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

chronique

chronique

Ex: David's chronic depression affects his mood and energy levels on a daily basis. 

La dépression chronique de David affecte son humeur et son niveau d'énergie au quotidien.

syndrome

a recognizable group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular medical condition

syndrome

syndrome

Ex: Sarah was diagnosed with a syndrome affecting her digestive system. 
affliction

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

affliction

affliction

Ex: Mental health professionals offer counseling and support to individuals struggling with emotional afflictions such as depression or anxiety. 

Les professionnels de la santé mentale offrent des conseils et un soutien aux personnes aux prises avec des afflictions émotionnelles telles que la dépression ou l'anxiété.

ailment
ailment
[nom]

an illness, often a minor one

affection, maladie

affection, maladie

Ex: The herbal remedy provided relief from minor ailments like headaches and colds. 

Le remède à base de plantes a soulagé les maux mineurs comme les maux de tête et les rhumes.

prognosis

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

pronostic

pronostic

Ex: Despite the grim prognosis, the patient remained hopeful and determined to fight the cancer. 

Malgré le pronostic sombre, le patient est resté optimiste et déterminé à lutter contre le cancer.

contagion

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

contagion

contagion

Ex: The movie depicted a terrifying scenario where a deadly contagion swept through the city, causing widespread panic. 

Le film dépeignait un scénario terrifiant où une contagion mortelle balayait la ville, provoquant une panique généralisée.

epidemic

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

épidémie

épidémie

Ex: Health officials worked to contain the epidemic. 
life-threatening

posing a significant risk to a person's life

mortel, qui met la vie en danger

mortel, qui met la vie en danger

Ex: Doctors worked quickly to treat the life-threatening condition. 

Les médecins ont travaillé rapidement pour traiter l'état potentiellement mortel.

asymptomatic
asymptomatic
[Adjectif]

(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it

asymptomatique

asymptomatique

Ex: The asymptomatic carrier unknowingly spread the disease to several people at the gathering. 

Le porteur asymptomatique a involontairement propagé la maladie à plusieurs personnes lors du rassemblement.

inflammation

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflammation

inflammation

glaucoma

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaucome, glaucoma

glaucome, glaucoma

Ex: Glaucoma often develops gradually, and individuals may not experience symptoms until the condition has worsened. 

Le glaucome se développe souvent progressivement, et les individus peuvent ne pas ressentir de symptômes jusqu'à ce que la condition se soit aggravée.

sepsis
sepsis
[nom]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial in managing sepsis and improving outcomes. 

La reconnaissance précoce et le traitement rapide sont cruciaux dans la gestion de la sepsis et l'amélioration des résultats.

fatty liver

a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity

foie gras, stéatose hépatique

foie gras, stéatose hépatique

Ex: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a growing concern among individuals with obesity and diabetes. 

La maladie du foie gras non alcoolique est une préoccupation croissante chez les personnes souffrant d'obésité et de diabète.

steatosis

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells

stéatose, infiltration graisseuse du foie

stéatose, infiltration graisseuse du foie

allergy
allergy
[nom]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergie

allergie

Ex: He carries an epinephrine injector at all times due to his severe bee sting allergy. 

Il porte un injecteur d'épinéphrine en permanence en raison de sa grave allergie aux piqûres d'abeilles.

concussion

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

commotion cérébrale

commotion cérébrale

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of the concussion and rule out any potential complications. 

Le médecin a ordonné un scanner cérébral pour évaluer la gravité de la commotion cérébrale et écarter toute complication potentielle.

autism
autism
[nom]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autisme

autisme

hypertension

a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure

hypertension

hypertension

cardiovascular disease

a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke

maladie cardiovasculaire

maladie cardiovasculaire

Ex: High cholesterol levels are a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. 

Des niveaux élevés de cholestérol sont un facteur de risque majeur pour développer une maladie cardiovasculaire.

tuberculosis

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculose

tuberculose

cystic fibrosis

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrose kystique, mucoviscidose

fibrose kystique, mucoviscidose

Ex: Cystic fibrosis is a lifelong condition, and management aims to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. 

La fibrose kystique est une maladie à vie, et la gestion vise à soulager les symptômes et à améliorer la qualité de vie.

yellow fever

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

fièvre jaune

fièvre jaune

virulent
virulent
[Adjectif]

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulent

virulent

Ex: The new disease proved to be highly virulent, affecting even healthy individuals. 

La nouvelle maladie s'est avérée très virulente, affectant même les individus en bonne santé.

insomnia

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnie

insomnie

Ex: His insomnia often left him tossing and turning at night, searching for a comfortable position to fall asleep. 

Son insomnie le laissait souvent se tourner et se retourner la nuit, cherchant une position confortable pour s'endormir.

obesity
obesity
[nom]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obésité

obésité

Ex: The prevalence of obesity is associated with various factors, including sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, and genetic predisposition. 

La prévalence de l'obésité est associée à divers facteurs, notamment les modes de vie sédentaires, les mauvaises habitudes alimentaires et la prédisposition génétique.

trauma
trauma
[nom]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

traumatisme

traumatisme

Ex: Combat veterans often experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of their wartime trauma. 

Les anciens combattants souffrent souvent de trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) à la suite de leur traumatisme de guerre.

attention deficit disorder

a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood

trouble du déficit de l'attention, hyperactivité avec déficit de l'attention

trouble du déficit de l'attention, hyperactivité avec déficit de l'attention

Ex: Treatment for attention deficit disorder often includes behavioral therapy and medication. 

Le traitement du trouble du déficit de l'attention comprend souvent une thérapie comportementale et des médicaments.

dementia

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

démence

démence

Ex: Dementia can lead to confusion and difficulty recognizing family members. 

La démence peut entraîner de la confusion et des difficultés à reconnaître les membres de la famille.

mumps
mumps
[nom]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

oreillons

oreillons

measles
measles
[nom]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

rougeole

rougeole

Ex: Symptoms of measles include high fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic red rash. 

Les symptômes de la rougeole comprennent une forte fièvre, une toux, un écoulement nasal et une éruption cutanée rouge caractéristique.

narcolepsy

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

Ex: Individuals with narcolepsy may experience cataplexy, a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions. 

Les personnes atteintes de narcolepsie peuvent éprouver une cataplexie, une perte soudaine du tonus musculaire déclenchée par des émotions.

gigantism

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence

gigantisme

gigantisme

Ex: The basketball player's height was due to gigantism, a condition diagnosed in his early teens. 

La taille du joueur de basket était due au gigantisme, une condition diagnostiquée au début de son adolescence.

restless leg syndrome

a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night

syndrome des jambes sans repos, impatiences

syndrome des jambes sans repos, impatiences

Ex: He stretched his legs to relieve the discomfort of restless leg syndrome. 

Il étira ses jambes pour soulager l'inconfort du syndrome des jambes sans repos.

dermatitis

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

dermatite

dermatite

Ex: Identifying and avoiding triggers is crucial in managing dermatitis. 

Identifier et éviter les déclencheurs est crucial dans la gestion de la dermatite.

fester
fester
[nom]

a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort

suppuration, abcès

suppuration, abcès

Ex: The nurse cleaned and dressed the fester to prevent further infection. 

L'infirmière a nettoyé et pansé l'abcès pour éviter une infection supplémentaire.

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