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Naturvetenskap SAT - Sjukdom och Patologi

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till sjukdomar och patologi, såsom "malign", "prognos", "sepsis" etc., som du behöver för att klara dina SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
benign
[adjektiv]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

godartad

godartad

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw was benign and did not require surgery .Veterinären informerade husdjursägaren att knölen på deras hunds tass var **godartad** och inte krävde operation.
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malignant
[adjektiv]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

elakartad,  malign

elakartad, malign

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat the malignant disease .Onkologen rekommenderade en kombination av kemoterapi och strålning för att bekämpa den **maligna** sjukdomen.
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latent
[adjektiv]

(biology) inactive and waiting for a suitable condition

latent, inaktiv

latent, inaktiv

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chronic
[adjektiv]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

kronisk, långvarig

kronisk, långvarig

Ex: Sarah 's chronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .Sarahs **kroniska** migränhuvudvärk varar ofta i flera dagar, trots att hon provat olika läkemedel.
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syndrome
[Substantiv]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

syndrom

syndrom

Ex: Asperger 's syndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .Aspergers **syndrom**, en form av autismspektrumstörning, kännetecknas av svårigheter i social interaktion och icke-verbal kommunikation, samt begränsade och repetitiva mönster av beteende och intressen.
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affliction
[Substantiv]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

lidande, plåga

lidande, plåga

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .**Plågan** av migrän gjorde det svårt för henne att koncentrera sig och störde hennes dagliga rutin.
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ailment
[Substantiv]

an illness, often a minor one

sjukdom, besvär

sjukdom, besvär

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range of ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .Kliniken erbjuder behandling för ett brett spektrum av **sjukdomar**, från allergier till kroniska tillstånd.
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prognosis
[Substantiv]

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

prognos

prognos

Ex: The veterinarian discussed the prognosis for the cat 's kidney disease , outlining potential treatment options and expected outcomes .Veterinären diskuterade **prognosen** för kattens njursjukdom, och skisserade potentiella behandlingsalternativ och förväntade utfall.
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contagion
[Substantiv]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

smitta, infektion

smitta, infektion

Ex: Despite their efforts , the contagion spread rapidly , leading to a significant increase in hospital admissions .Trots deras ansträngningar spred sig **smittan** snabbt, vilket ledde till en betydande ökning av sjukhusinläggningar.
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epidemic
[Substantiv]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemi, sjukdomsutbrott

epidemi, sjukdomsutbrott

Ex: The epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system .**Epidemin** satte press på sjukvårdssystemet.
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posing a significant risk to a person's life

livshotande, livsfarlig

livshotande, livsfarlig

Ex: A life-threatening allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention .En **livshotande** allergisk reaktion kräver omedelbar medicinsk uppmärksamhet.
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asymptomatic
[adjektiv]

(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it

asymptomatisk

asymptomatisk

Ex: Despite being asymptomatic, the patient was advised to monitor their health closely for any signs of illness .Trots att han var **asymptomatisk** råddes patienten att noggrant övervaka sin hälsa för tecken på sjukdom.
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inflammation
[Substantiv]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflammation

inflammation

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glaucoma
[Substantiv]

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaukom, grön starr

glaukom, grön starr

Ex: Timely intervention through medication or surgery can help slow or prevent further vision loss in glaucoma.Tidig intervention genom medicin eller kirurgi kan hjälpa till att bromsa eller förhindra ytterligare synförlust vid **glaukom**.
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sepsis
[Substantiv]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for effective sepsis management .
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fatty liver
[Substantiv]

a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity

fettlever, hepatisk steatos

fettlever, hepatisk steatos

Ex: Fatty liver can progress to more serious liver conditions if not managed properly .**Fetlever** kan utvecklas till allvarligare leverförhållanden om den inte hanteras ordentligt.
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steatosis
[Substantiv]

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells

steatos, onormal ansamling av fett i leverceller

steatos, onormal ansamling av fett i leverceller

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allergy
[Substantiv]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergi

allergi

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy.Efter att ha kommit i kontakt med katten upplevde hon en allergisk reaktion på grund av sin **allergi** mot husdjur.
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concussion
[Substantiv]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

hjärnskakning, hjärnkontusion

hjärnskakning, hjärnkontusion

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of the concussion and rule out any potential complications .Läkaren beställde en hjärnskanning för att bedöma allvarlighetsgraden av **hjärnskakning** och utesluta eventuella potentiella komplikationer.
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autism
[Substantiv]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autism

autism

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hypertension
[Substantiv]

a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure

högt blodtryck

högt blodtryck

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a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke

hjärt-kärlsjukdom

hjärt-kärlsjukdom

Ex: Public health campaigns aim to raise awareness about the risks factors associated with cardiovascular disease.Folkhälsokampanjer syftar till att öka medvetenheten om riskfaktorer som är förknippade med **hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar**.
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tuberculosis
[Substantiv]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberkulos

tuberkulos

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cystic fibrosis
[Substantiv]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

cystisk fibros, mukoviscidos

cystisk fibros, mukoviscidos

Ex: Individuals with cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .
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yellow fever
[Substantiv]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

gul feber, svart kräkning

gul feber, svart kräkning

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virulent
[adjektiv]

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulent

virulent

Ex: The virulent bacteria spread quickly through the population, causing widespread illness.De **virulenta** bakterierna spreds snabbt genom befolkningen och orsakade utbredd sjukdom.
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insomnia
[Substantiv]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

sömnlöshet, sömnstörning

sömnlöshet, sömnstörning

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Trots att han kände sig utmattad gjorde hans **sömnlöshet** det omöjligt för honom att få en god natts vila.
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obesity
[Substantiv]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

fetma, övervikt

fetma, övervikt

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Att adressera **fetma** kräver en mångfacetterad strategi som inkluderar främjande av hälsosamma matvanor, regelbunden fysisk aktivitet och samhällsomfattande initiativ.
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trauma
[Substantiv]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, känslomässig chock

trauma, känslomässig chock

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Att bevittna en naturkatastrof kan lämna överlevande med bestående **trauma** och rädsla.
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a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood

uppmärksamhetsbriststörning, hyperaktivitet med uppmärksamhetsbriststörning

uppmärksamhetsbriststörning, hyperaktivitet med uppmärksamhetsbriststörning

Ex: Strategies such as creating structured routines can help individuals with ADD manage daily activities more effectively.Strategier som att skapa strukturerade rutiner kan hjälpa individer med **uppmärksamhetsbriststörning** att hantera dagliga aktiviteter mer effektivt.
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dementia
[Substantiv]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demens, kognitiv störning

demens, kognitiv störning

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form of dementia.Alzheimers sjukdom är en vanlig form av **demens**.
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mumps
[Substantiv]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

påssjuka, epidemisk parotit

påssjuka, epidemisk parotit

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measles
[Substantiv]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

mässling, mässlingssjukdom

mässling, mässlingssjukdom

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Komplikationer av **mässling** kan inkludera lunginflammation, encefalit (hjärninflammation) och i svåra fall död.
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narcolepsy
[Substantiv]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narkolepsi, sömnsjuka

narkolepsi, sömnsjuka

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.**Narkolepsi** diagnostiseras ofta genom en kombination av medicinsk historia, sömnstudier och neurologiska undersökningar.
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gigantism
[Substantiv]

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence

gigantism

gigantism

Ex: Early detection and management of gigantism are crucial to prevent irreversible effects on health .Tidig upptäckt och hantering av **gigantism** är avgörande för att förhindra irreversibla effekter på hälsan.
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a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night

restless legs-syndrom, Willis-Ekboms sjukdom

restless legs-syndrom, Willis-Ekboms sjukdom

Ex: People with restless leg syndrome sometimes feel tingling or crawling sensations in their legs .Personer med **restless legs-syndrom** känner ibland stickningar eller krälande känslor i benen.
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dermatitis
[Substantiv]

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

dermatit

dermatit

Ex: Scratching can worsen dermatitis, leading to more irritation and redness .Kliande kan förvärra **dermatit**, vilket leder till mer irritation och rodnad.
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fester
[Substantiv]

a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort

var, böld

var, böld

Ex: The untreated scrape turned into a painful fester on his leg .Den obehandlade skråman förvandlades till ett smärtsamt **varfylld sår** på hans ben.
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