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Ciencias Naturales SAT - Enfermedad y patología

Aquí aprenderá algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con enfermedades y patologías, como "malignant", "prognosis", "sepsis", etc., que necesitará para aprobar sus exámenes SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
benign
[Adjetivo]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

benigno

benigno

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw benign and did not require surgery .
malignant
[Adjetivo]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligno

maligno

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat malignant disease .
latent
[Adjetivo]

(biology) inactive and waiting for a suitable condition

latente

latente

chronic
[Adjetivo]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

crónico

crónico

Ex: Sarahchronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .
syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

síndrome

síndrome

Ex: Aspergersyndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .
affliction
[Sustantivo]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

aflicción

aflicción

Ex: affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .
ailment
[Sustantivo]

an illness, often a minor one

enfermedad, dolencia

enfermedad, dolencia

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .
prognosis
[Sustantivo]

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

pronóstico

pronóstico

Ex: The veterinarian discussed prognosis for the cat 's kidney disease , outlining potential treatment options and expected outcomes .
contagion
[Sustantivo]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

enfermedad contagiosa

enfermedad contagiosa

Ex: Despite their efforts, the contagion spread rapidly, leading to a significant increase in hospital admissions.
epidemic
[Sustantivo]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemia

epidemia

Ex: epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system .

posing a significant risk to a person's life

peligroso para la vida, que amenaza la vida

peligroso para la vida, que amenaza la vida

Ex: life-threatening allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention .
asymptomatic
[Adjetivo]

(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it

asintomático, asintomática

asintomático, asintomática

Ex: Despite asymptomatic, the patient was advised to monitor their health closely for any signs of illness .
inflammation
[Sustantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflamación

inflamación

glaucoma
[Sustantivo]

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaucoma, glaucomatosis

glaucoma, glaucomatosis

Ex: Timely intervention through medication or surgery can help slow or prevent further vision loss glaucoma.
sepsis
[Sustantivo]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis, sepsis grave

sepsis, sepsis grave

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for sepsis management .
fatty liver
[Sustantivo]

a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity

hígado graso, esteatosis hepática

hígado graso, esteatosis hepática

Ex: Fatty liver can progress to more serious liver conditions if not managed properly .
steatosis
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells

esteatosis, esteatosis hepática

esteatosis, esteatosis hepática

allergy
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergia

alergia

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her allergy.
concussion
[Sustantivo]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

conmoción cerebral

conmoción cerebral

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of concussion and rule out any potential complications .
autism
[Sustantivo]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismo

autismo

hypertension
[Sustantivo]

a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure

hipertensión

hipertensión

a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke

enfermedad cardiovascular, trastornos cardiovasculares

enfermedad cardiovascular, trastornos cardiovasculares

Ex: Public health campaigns aim to raise awareness about the risks factors associated cardiovascular disease.
tuberculosis
[Sustantivo]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculosis

tuberculosis

cystic fibrosis
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrosis quística, cistosis fibrosa

fibrosis quística, cistosis fibrosa

Ex: Individuals cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .
yellow fever
[Sustantivo]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

fiebre amarilla

fiebre amarilla

virulent
[Adjetivo]

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulento

virulento

Ex: The virulent bacteria spread quickly through the population, causing widespread illness.
insomnia
[Sustantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnio

insomnio

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .
obesity
[Sustantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidad

obesidad

Ex: obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .
trauma
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma

trauma

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with trauma and fear .

a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood

trastorno por déficit de atención, trastorno de déficit de atención

trastorno por déficit de atención, trastorno de déficit de atención

Ex: Strategies such as creating structured routines can help individuals with ADD manage daily activities more effectively.
dementia
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demencia

demencia

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form dementia.
mumps
[Sustantivo]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

paperas, parotiditis

paperas, parotiditis

measles
[Sustantivo]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

sarampión

sarampión

Ex: Complications measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .
narcolepsy
[Sustantivo]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsia, narcolepsia (trastorno del sueño)

narcolepsia, narcolepsia (trastorno del sueño)

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.
gigantism
[Sustantivo]

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence

gigantismo, gigantismo hormonal

gigantismo, gigantismo hormonal

Ex: Early detection and management gigantism are crucial to prevent irreversible effects on health .

a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night

síndrome de las piernas inquietas, síndrome de piernas inquietas

síndrome de las piernas inquietas, síndrome de piernas inquietas

Ex: People restless leg syndrome sometimes feel tingling or crawling sensations in their legs .
dermatitis
[Sustantivo]

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

dermatitis, inflamación de la piel

dermatitis, inflamación de la piel

Ex: Scratching can dermatitis, leading to more irritation and redness .
fester
[Sustantivo]

a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort

pústula, herida infectada

pústula, herida infectada

Ex: The untreated scrape turned into a fester on his leg .
Ciencias Naturales SAT
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