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Přírodní Vědy SAT - Onemocnění a Patologie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s nemocemi a patologií, jako je "maligní", "prognóza", "sepse" atd., která budete potřebovat k úspěšnému složení SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
benign
benign
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

nezhoubný

nezhoubný

Ex: She received the news that her condition was benign, bringing relief to her and her family. 
malignant
malignant
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

zhoubný,  maligní

zhoubný, maligní

Ex: Malignant tumors have the potential to spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. 
latent
latent
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a medical condition or infection) present in the body but not currently producing symptoms

latentní, skrytý

latentní, skrytý

Ex: The virus remained latent in the patient's nervous system. 
chronic
chronic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

chronický, dlouhodobý

chronický, dlouhodobý

Ex: Mary's chronic asthma requires daily medication to control her symptoms. 
syndrome
syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

syndrom

syndrom

Ex: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and distinctive facial features. 
affliction
affliction
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

utrpení, strast

utrpení, strast

Ex: His spiritual beliefs helped him find solace in the face of his terminal illness affliction. 
ailment
ailment
[Podstatné jméno]

an illness, often a minor one

nemoc, potíže

nemoc, potíže

Ex: She visited the doctor to discuss her persistent stomach ailment. 
prognosis
prognosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

prognóza

prognóza

Ex: The doctor provided a favorable prognosis for the patient's recovery from pneumonia with prompt treatment. 
contagion
contagion
[Podstatné jméno]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

nákaza, infekce

nákaza, infekce

Ex: The health department took swift action to contain the contagion and prevent the outbreak from spreading further. 
epidemic
epidemic
[Podstatné jméno]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemie, výskyt nemoci

epidemie, výskyt nemoci

Ex: The epidemic caused a surge in hospital admissions. 
life-threatening
life-threatening
[Přídavné jméno]

posing a significant risk to a person's life

život ohrožující, smrtelný

život ohrožující, smrtelný

Ex: The patient was rushed to the hospital with a life-threatening injury. 
asymptomatic
asymptomatic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it

asymptomatický

asymptomatický

Ex: Regular testing is essential to identify asymptomatic cases and prevent the spread of the virus. 
inflammation
inflammation
[Podstatné jméno]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

zánět

zánět

glaucoma
glaucoma
[Podstatné jméno]

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaukom, zelený zákal

glaukom, zelený zákal

Ex: The optometrist detected early signs of glaucoma during Tom's routine eye examination. 
sepsis
sepsis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepse

sepse

Ex: Tim was hospitalized with sepsis after an untreated infection spread throughout his body. 
fatty liver
fatty liver
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity

ztukovatění jater, jaterní steatóza

ztukovatění jater, jaterní steatóza

Ex: He was diagnosed with fatty liver after a routine check-up revealed elevated liver enzymes. 
steatosis
steatosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells

steatóza, abnormální hromadění tuku v jaterních buňkách

steatóza, abnormální hromadění tuku v jaterních buňkách

allergy
allergy
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergie

alergie

Ex: Her peanut allergy is so severe that even a small amount can trigger a serious reaction. 
concussion
concussion
[Podstatné jméno]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

otřes mozku, kontuze mozku

otřes mozku, kontuze mozku

Ex: The patient presented with symptoms of a concussion, including dizziness, confusion, and sensitivity to light, after a car accident. 
autism
autism
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismus

autismus

hypertension
hypertension
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure

hypertenze

hypertenze

cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke

kardiovaskulární onemocnění

kardiovaskulární onemocnění

Ex: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. 
tuberculosis
tuberculosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberkulóza

tuberkulóza

cystic fibrosis
cystic fibrosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

cystická fibróza, mukoviscidóza

cystická fibróza, mukoviscidóza

Ex: Support from healthcare teams is essential for individuals with cystic fibrosis. 
yellow fever
yellow fever
[Podstatné jméno]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

žlutá zimnice, černé zvracení

žlutá zimnice, černé zvracení

virulent
virulent
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulentní

virulentní

Ex: The outbreak was caused by a virulent strain of the flu virus. 
insomnia
insomnia
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

nespavost, porucha spánku

nespavost, porucha spánku

Ex: After several weeks of stress at work, she began to suffer from insomnia, making it difficult to concentrate during the day. 
obesity
obesity
[Podstatné jméno]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obezita, nadváha

obezita, nadváha

Ex: Obesity rates have been steadily rising worldwide, becoming a major public health concern in many countries. 
trauma
trauma
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, emocionální šok

trauma, emocionální šok

Ex: She sought therapy to help her cope with the emotional trauma from the car accident. 
attention deficit disorder
attention deficit disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood

porucha pozornosti, hyperaktivita s poruchou pozornosti

porucha pozornosti, hyperaktivita s poruchou pozornosti

Ex: Children with attention deficit disorder may struggle to stay focused in class. 
dementia
dementia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demence, kognitivní porucha

demence, kognitivní porucha

Ex: His grandmother was diagnosed with dementia and had trouble remembering simple tasks. 
mumps
mumps
[Podstatné jméno]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

příušnice, epidemická parotitida

příušnice, epidemická parotitida

measles
measles
[Podstatné jméno]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

spalničky, onemocnění spalničkami

spalničky, onemocnění spalničkami

Ex: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. 
narcolepsy
narcolepsy
[Podstatné jméno]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narkolepsie, spánková nemoc

narkolepsie, spánková nemoc

Ex: Jane's narcolepsy caused her to unexpectedly fall asleep during daily activities, affecting her work. 
gigantism
gigantism
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence

gigantismus

gigantismus

Ex: Gigantism is caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland that produces too much growth hormone. 
restless leg syndrome
restless leg syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night

syndrom neklidných nohou, Willis-Ekbomova choroba

syndrom neklidných nohou, Willis-Ekbomova choroba

Ex: Her restless leg syndrome made it hard to relax and fall asleep. 
dermatitis
dermatitis
[Podstatné jméno]

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

dermatitida

dermatitida

Ex: Sunburn can lead to dermatitis, causing redness and discomfort. 
fester
fester
[Podstatné jméno]

a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort

hnisání, absces

hnisání, absces

Ex: He ignored the small cut on his finger, which later developed into a painful fester. 
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