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Přírodní Vědy SAT - Nemoc a patologie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s nemocemi a patologií, jako je „maligní“, „prognóza“, „sepse“ atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
benign
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

nezhoubný, benigní

nezhoubný, benigní

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw benign and did not require surgery .
malignant
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligní, zhoubný

maligní, zhoubný

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat malignant disease .
latent
[Přídavné jméno]

(biology) inactive and waiting for a suitable condition

latentní, nečinný

latentní, nečinný

chronic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

chronický, dlouhodobý

chronický, dlouhodobý

Ex: Sarahchronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .
syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

syndrom, syndromy

syndrom, syndromy

Ex: Aspergersyndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .
affliction
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

utrpení, trápení

utrpení, trápení

Ex: affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .
ailment
[Podstatné jméno]

an illness, often a minor one

věc, potíže

věc, potíže

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .
prognosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

prognóza, předpověď

prognóza, předpověď

Ex: The veterinarian discussed prognosis for the cat 's kidney disease , outlining potential treatment options and expected outcomes .
contagion
[Podstatné jméno]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

nakažlivost, nákaza

nakažlivost, nákaza

Ex: Despite their efforts , contagion spread rapidly , leading to a significant increase in hospital admissions .
epidemic
[Podstatné jméno]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemie, nákaza

epidemie, nákaza

Ex: epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system .
life-threatening
[Přídavné jméno]

posing a significant risk to a person's life

život ohrožující, ohrožující život

život ohrožující, ohrožující život

Ex: life-threatening allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention .
asymptomatic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it

asymptomatický, asymptomatická

asymptomatický, asymptomatická

Ex: Despite asymptomatic, the patient was advised to monitor their health closely for any signs of illness .
inflammation
[Podstatné jméno]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

zánět, zánětlivost

zánět, zánětlivost

glaucoma
[Podstatné jméno]

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaukom, zelený zákal

glaukom, zelený zákal

Ex: Timely intervention through medication or surgery can help slow or prevent further vision loss glaucoma.
sepsis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsa, sepsa (ve smyslu závažné infekce)

sepsa, sepsa (ve smyslu závažné infekce)

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for sepsis management .
fatty liver
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity

ztučnění jater, steatóza jater

ztučnění jater, steatóza jater

Ex: Fatty liver can progress to more serious liver conditions if not managed properly .
steatosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells

steatóza, mazlavost jater

steatóza, mazlavost jater

allergy
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergie, přecitlivělost

alergie, přecitlivělost

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her allergy.
concussion
[Podstatné jméno]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

otřes mozku, zranění hlavy

otřes mozku, zranění hlavy

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of concussion and rule out any potential complications .
autism
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismus, porucha autistického spektra

autismus, porucha autistického spektra

hypertension
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure

hypertenze, vysoký krevní tlak

hypertenze, vysoký krevní tlak

cardiovascular disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke

kardiovaskulární onemocnění, srdečně-cévní onemocnění

kardiovaskulární onemocnění, srdečně-cévní onemocnění

Ex: Public health campaigns aim to raise awareness about the risks factors associated cardiovascular disease.
tuberculosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberkulóza, tuberkulární onemocnění

tuberkulóza, tuberkulární onemocnění

cystic fibrosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

cystická fibróza, cystická fibróza

cystická fibróza, cystická fibróza

Ex: Individuals cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .
yellow fever
[Podstatné jméno]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

žlutá zimnice, žlutá nemoc

žlutá zimnice, žlutá nemoc

virulent
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulentní, patogenní

virulentní, patogenní

Ex: The virulent bacteria spread quickly through the population, causing widespread illness.
insomnia
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

nespavost, insomnie

nespavost, insomnie

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .
obesity
[Podstatné jméno]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obezita, nadváha

obezita, nadváha

Ex: obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .
trauma
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, psychické trauma

trauma, psychické trauma

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with trauma and fear .
attention deficit disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, ADHD (porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou)

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, ADHD (porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou)

Ex: Strategies such as creating structured routines can help individuals with ADD manage daily activities more effectively.
dementia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

dementia, demence

dementia, demence

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form dementia.
mumps
[Podstatné jméno]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

příušnice, mumps

příušnice, mumps

measles
[Podstatné jméno]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

spalničky, measles

spalničky, measles

Ex: Complications measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .
narcolepsy
[Podstatné jméno]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narkolepsie, narkolepsie (neurologická porucha)

narkolepsie, narkolepsie (neurologická porucha)

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.
gigantism
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence

gigantismus, gigantická růstová porucha

gigantismus, gigantická růstová porucha

Ex: Early detection and management gigantism are crucial to prevent irreversible effects on health .
restless leg syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night

syndrom nepokojných nohou, syndrom pokojových nohou

syndrom nepokojných nohou, syndrom pokojových nohou

Ex: People restless leg syndrome sometimes feel tingling or crawling sensations in their legs .
dermatitis
[Podstatné jméno]

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

dermatitida, zánět kůže

dermatitida, zánět kůže

Ex: Scratching can dermatitis, leading to more irritation and redness .
fester
[Podstatné jméno]

a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort

hnisavý zánět, vřídzek

hnisavý zánět, vřídzek

Ex: The untreated scrape turned into a fester on his leg .
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