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Scienze Naturali SAT - Malattia e Patologia

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative alle malattie e alla patologia, come "maligno", "prognosi", "sepsi", ecc., che ti serviranno per superare i tuoi SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
benign
[aggettivo]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

benigno

benigno

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw was benign and did not require surgery .Il veterinario ha informato il proprietario dell'animale che il nodulo sulla zampa del loro cane era **benigno** e non richiedeva un intervento chirurgico.
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malignant
[aggettivo]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligno

maligno

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat the malignant disease .L'oncologo ha raccomandato una combinazione di chemioterapia e radioterapia per combattere la malattia **maligna**.
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latent
[aggettivo]

(biology) inactive and waiting for a suitable condition

latente, inattivo

latente, inattivo

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chronic
[aggettivo]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

cronico

cronico

Ex: Sarah 's chronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .Le emicranie **croniche** di Sarah spesso durano per giorni, nonostante provi diversi farmaci.
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syndrome
[sostantivo]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

sindrome

sindrome

Ex: Asperger 's syndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .La **sindrome** di Asperger, una forma di disturbo dello spettro autistico, è caratterizzata da difficoltà nell'interazione sociale e nella comunicazione non verbale, nonché da modelli di comportamento e interessi ristretti e ripetitivi.
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affliction
[sostantivo]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

afflizione

afflizione

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .**L'afflizione** delle emicranie le ha reso difficile concentrarsi e ha sconvolto la sua routine quotidiana.
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ailment
[sostantivo]

an illness, often a minor one

malattia non grave, indisposizione

malattia non grave, indisposizione

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range of ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .La clinica offre trattamenti per una vasta gamma di **malattie**, dalle allergie alle condizioni croniche.
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prognosis
[sostantivo]

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

prognosi

prognosi

Ex: The veterinarian discussed the prognosis for the cat 's kidney disease , outlining potential treatment options and expected outcomes .Il veterinario ha discusso la **prognosi** per la malattia renale del gatto, delineando le potenziali opzioni di trattamento e i risultati attesi.
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contagion
[sostantivo]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

contagio

contagio

Ex: Despite their efforts , the contagion spread rapidly , leading to a significant increase in hospital admissions .Nonostante i loro sforzi, il **contagio** si è diffuso rapidamente, portando a un significativo aumento dei ricoveri ospedalieri.
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epidemic
[sostantivo]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemia

epidemia

Ex: The epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system .L'**epidemia** ha messo a dura prova il sistema sanitario.
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life-threatening
[aggettivo]

posing a significant risk to a person's life

in pericolo di vita

in pericolo di vita

Ex: A life-threatening allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention .Una reazione allergica **pericolosa per la vita** richiede immediata attenzione medica.
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asymptomatic
[aggettivo]

(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it

asintomatico

asintomatico

Ex: Despite being asymptomatic, the patient was advised to monitor their health closely for any signs of illness .Nonostante fosse **asintomatico**, al paziente è stato consigliato di monitorare attentamente la propria salute per eventuali segni di malattia.
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inflammation
[sostantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

infiammazione

infiammazione

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glaucoma
[sostantivo]

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaucoma, glaucoma

glaucoma, glaucoma

Ex: Timely intervention through medication or surgery can help slow or prevent further vision loss in glaucoma.Un intervento tempestivo attraverso farmaci o chirurgia può aiutare a rallentare o prevenire un'ulteriore perdita della vista nel **glaucoma**.
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sepsis
[sostantivo]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsi

sepsi

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for effective sepsis management .
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fatty liver
[sostantivo]

a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to factors like alcohol consumption or obesity

fegato grasso, steatosi epatica

fegato grasso, steatosi epatica

Ex: Fatty liver can progress to more serious liver conditions if not managed properly .Il **fegato grasso** può progredire verso condizioni epatiche più gravi se non gestito correttamente.
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steatosis
[sostantivo]

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells

steatosi, infiltrazione grassa del fegato

steatosi, infiltrazione grassa del fegato

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allergy
[sostantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergia

allergia

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy.Dopo essere entrata in contatto con il gatto, ha avuto una reazione allergica a causa della sua **allergia** agli animali domestici.
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concussion
[sostantivo]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

commozione cerebrale

commozione cerebrale

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of the concussion and rule out any potential complications .Il medico ha ordinato una scansione cerebrale per valutare la gravità della **commozione cerebrale** ed escludere eventuali complicazioni potenziali.
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autism
[sostantivo]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismo

autismo

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hypertension
[sostantivo]

a condition that arises when one is experiencing a chronic elevation of blood pressure

ipertensione

ipertensione

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a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke

malattia cardiovascolare

malattia cardiovascolare

Ex: Public health campaigns aim to raise awareness about the risks factors associated with cardiovascular disease.Le campagne di salute pubblica mirano a sensibilizzare sui fattori di rischio associati alle **malattie cardiovascolari**.
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tuberculosis
[sostantivo]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tubercolosi

tubercolosi

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cystic fibrosis
[sostantivo]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrosi cistica, mucoviscidosi

fibrosi cistica, mucoviscidosi

Ex: Individuals with cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .
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yellow fever
[sostantivo]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

febbre gialla

febbre gialla

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virulent
[aggettivo]

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulento

virulento

Ex: The virulent bacteria spread quickly through the population, causing widespread illness.I batteri **virulenti** si sono diffusi rapidamente tra la popolazione, causando una malattia diffusa.
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insomnia
[sostantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insonnia

insonnia

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Nonostante si sentisse esausto, la sua **insonnia** gli ha reso impossibile ottenere un buon riposo notturno.
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obesity
[sostantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesità

obesità

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Affrontare **l'obesità** richiede un approccio multifattoriale che includa la promozione di abitudini alimentari sane, attività fisica regolare e iniziative a livello comunitario.
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trauma
[sostantivo]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma

trauma

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Assistere a un disastro naturale può lasciare i sopravvissuti con un **trauma** duraturo e paura.
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a neurological condition characterized by difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically diagnosed in childhood and often persisting into adulthood

disturbo da deficit di attenzione, sindrome da deficit di attenzione e iperattività

disturbo da deficit di attenzione, sindrome da deficit di attenzione e iperattività

Ex: Strategies such as creating structured routines can help individuals with ADD manage daily activities more effectively.Strategie come la creazione di routine strutturate possono aiutare le persone con **disturbo da deficit di attenzione** a gestire le attività quotidiane in modo più efficace.
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dementia
[sostantivo]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demenza

demenza

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form of dementia.La malattia di Alzheimer è una forma comune di **demenza**.
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mumps
[sostantivo]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

parotite

parotite

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measles
[sostantivo]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

morbillo

morbillo

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Le complicazioni del **morbillo** possono includere polmonite, encefalite (infiammazione del cervello) e, nei casi gravi, la morte.
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narcolepsy
[sostantivo]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolessia, malattia del sonno

narcolessia, malattia del sonno

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.La **narcolessia** viene spesso diagnosticata attraverso una combinazione di storia medica, studi sul sonno ed esami neurologici.
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gigantism
[sostantivo]

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to an overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence

gigantismo

gigantismo

Ex: Early detection and management of gigantism are crucial to prevent irreversible effects on health .La rilevazione precoce e la gestione del **gigantismo** sono cruciali per prevenire effetti irreversibili sulla salute.
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a condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, often with uncomfortable sensations, usually worse in the evening or at night

sindrome delle gambe senza riposo, malattia di Willis-Ekbom

sindrome delle gambe senza riposo, malattia di Willis-Ekbom

Ex: People with restless leg syndrome sometimes feel tingling or crawling sensations in their legs .Le persone con **sindrome delle gambe senza riposo** a volte avvertono formicolii o sensazioni di strisciamento alle gambe.
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dermatitis
[sostantivo]

a general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions

dermatite

dermatite

Ex: Scratching can worsen dermatitis, leading to more irritation and redness .Grattarsi può peggiorare la **dermatite**, causando maggiore irritazione e arrossamento.
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fester
[sostantivo]

a sore or wound that has become infected and is producing pus, often characterized by inflammation and discomfort

suppurazione, ascesso

suppurazione, ascesso

Ex: The untreated scrape turned into a painful fester on his leg .L'abrasione non trattata si è trasformata in una dolorosa **piaga** sulla sua gamba.
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