Scienze Naturali SAT - Neurologia e biochimica del sangue

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neurone

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

materia bianca, sostanza bianca

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

connettoma

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parasimpatico, del sistema nervoso parasimpatico

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

autonomico, automatico

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

ippocampo

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

corteccia parietale, corteccia della regione parietale

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotrasmettitore

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurogenesi, formazione di neuroni

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

nevrosi

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

neurocientifico, scienziato del cervello

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

sinestesia

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

sensazione

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

memoria a breve termine, memoria temporanea

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endocrinologia

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

la melatonina

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrelina

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptina, ormone leptina

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrogeno

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

serotonina

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

norepinefrina, noradrenalina

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

istamina, histoamina

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoproteina

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

sinapsi

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarker, indicatore biologico

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminoacido

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidosi, acidosi

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alcalosi

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

emoglobina

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

citochina

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

inibitorio, inibente