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Mga Likas na Agham ng SAT - Neurolohiya at Biyokimika ng Dugo

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa neurolohiya at blood biochemistry, tulad ng "leptin", "ghrelin", atbp. na kakailanganin mo para makapasa sa iyong SATs.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral

SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences

[Pangngalan]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neuron, selula ng nerbiyos

neuron, selula ng nerbiyos

Ex: Learning and memory depend on the ability of neurons to form new connections .Ang pag-aaral at memorya ay nakasalalay sa kakayahan ng mga **neuron** na bumuo ng mga bagong koneksyon.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

puting bagay, puting materya

puting bagay, puting materya

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

connectome, mapa ng mga koneksyon ng neural

connectome, mapa ng mga koneksyon ng neural

Isara

parasympathetic

[pang-uri]

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parasympathetic

parasympathetic

Ex: Certain meditation techniques can enhance parasympathetic function , reducing stress levels .Ang ilang mga diskarte sa pagmumuni-muni ay maaaring mapahusay ang **parasympathetic** na function, na nagpapababa ng mga antas ng stress.

Isara

[pang-uri]

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

awtonomiko, berhalaman

awtonomiko, berhalaman

Ex: The fight-or-flight response is an example of an autonomic reaction to perceived threat .Ang tugon na labanan o takasan ay isang halimbawa ng **awtonomikong** reaksyon sa nakikitang banta.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

hippocampus, kurba na istraktura sa utak na responsable sa pagbuo ng memorya

hippocampus, kurba na istraktura sa utak na responsable sa pagbuo ng memorya

Isara

parietal cortex

[Pangngalan]

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

parietal cortex, panlabas na layer ng neural tissue sa parietal lobe

parietal cortex, panlabas na layer ng neural tissue sa parietal lobe

Isara

neurotransmitter

[Pangngalan]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

Ex: Neurotransmitters transmit signals from one neuron to another across synapses .Ang mga **neurotransmitter** ay nagpapadala ng mga signal mula sa isang neuron patungo sa isa pa sa pamamagitan ng mga synapse.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurohenesis, pagbuo ng neuron

neurohenesis, pagbuo ng neuron

Ex: Neurogenesis in the olfactory system allows for the continuous replenishment of neurons involved in smell perception.Ang **neurogenesis** sa sistemang olfactory ay nagbibigay-daan sa patuloy na pagdaragdag ng mga neuron na kasangkot sa pang-amoy.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosis, sakit sa isip

neurosis, sakit sa isip

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .Ang mga sintomas ng **neurosis** ay maaaring kabilangan ng patuloy na mga damdamin ng kalungkutan, pagkairita, at takot, madalas na walang malinaw o makatwirang dahilan.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

neuroscientist, dalubhasa sa neurosensya

neuroscientist, dalubhasa sa neurosensya

Ex: Many neuroscientists collaborate across disciplines to unravel the complexities of brain development .Maraming **neuroscientist** ang nagtutulungan sa iba't ibang disiplina upang malutas ang mga kumplikado ng pag-unlad ng utak.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

synesthesia, synesthesia

synesthesia, synesthesia

Ex: Synesthesia can manifest in various forms, such as associating numbers with specific colors.Ang **synesthesia** ay maaaring magpakita sa iba't ibang anyo, tulad ng pag-uugnay ng mga numero sa mga tiyak na kulay.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

pakiramdam, pagdama

pakiramdam, pagdama

Ex: The sensation of the soft sand beneath her feet was relaxing .Ang **pakiramdam** ng malambot na buhangin sa ilalim ng kanyang mga paa ay nakakarelaks.

Isara

short-term memory

[Pangngalan]

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

maikling-term memory, pansamantalang memorya

maikling-term memory, pansamantalang memorya

Ex: Short-term memory is essential for completing tasks that require immediate recall of instructions or details .Ang **maikling-term memory** ay mahalaga para sa pagkompleto ng mga gawain na nangangailangan ng agarang pag-alala sa mga tagubilin o detalye.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endokrinolohiya

endokrinolohiya

Ex: A career in endocrinology requires a deep understanding of the endocrine system , including glands like the pituitary , thyroid , and pancreas .Ang isang karera sa **endocrinology** ay nangangailangan ng malalim na pag-unawa sa endocrine system, kasama ang mga glandula tulad ng pituitary, thyroid, at pancreas.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

melatonin, hormon ng pagtulog

melatonin, hormon ng pagtulog

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrelin, hormon ng gutom

ghrelin, hormon ng gutom

Ex: Ghrelin levels decrease after eating, contributing to the feeling of satiety and reduced hunger.Ang mga antas ng **ghrelin** ay bumababa pagkatapos kumain, na nag-aambag sa pakiramdam ng pagkabusog at nabawasan ang gutom.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptin, hormon ng pagkabusog

leptin, hormon ng pagkabusog

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrogen, hormon ng babae

estrogen, hormon ng babae

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

Ex: Serotonin imbalance can contribute to mood disorders such as depression or anxiety .Ang kawalan ng balanse sa **serotonin** ay maaaring mag-ambag sa mga mood disorder tulad ng depression o anxiety.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

noradrenaline, norepinephrine

noradrenaline, norepinephrine

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

histamine

histamine

Ex: Allergies trigger the release of histamine, causing symptoms like sneezing and watery eyes .Ang mga allergy ay nag-trigger ng paglabas ng **histamine**, na nagdudulot ng mga sintomas tulad ng pagbahin at pagluha ng mga mata.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoprotein, protinang lipid

lipoprotein, protinang lipid

Ex: Research shows that diet and lifestyle changes can affect lipoprotein levels and overall heart health.Ipinakikita ng pananaliksik na ang mga pagbabago sa diyeta at pamumuhay ay maaaring makaapekto sa mga antas ng **lipoprotein** at sa pangkalahatang kalusugan ng puso.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

synapse, sugpong ng dalawang nerve cell

synapse, sugpong ng dalawang nerve cell

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory.Ang long-term potentiation (LTP) ay isang penomenong nagaganap sa **synapses**, na nauugnay sa pagpapalakas ng mga synaptic connection at pag-aaral at memorya.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarker, marker na biyolohikal

biomarker, marker na biyolohikal

Isara

[Pangngalan]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

amino asido, asidong amino

amino asido, asidong amino

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidosis, acidemia

acidosis, acidemia

Ex: Treatment for acidosis focuses on correcting the underlying cause and restoring acid-base balance in the body .Ang paggamot sa **acidosis** ay nakatuon sa pagwawasto ng pinagbabatayang sanhi at pagpapanumbalik ng balanse ng asido-base sa katawan.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alkalosis, alkalemia

alkalosis, alkalemia

Ex: Treatment for alkalosis focuses on addressing the underlying cause and restoring acid-base balance in the body .Ang paggamot sa **alkalosis** ay nakatuon sa pagtugon sa pinagbabatayan na sanhi at pagpapanumbalik ng balanse ng asido-base sa katawan.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hemoglobin, globin

hemoglobin, globin

Ex: Anemia results from insufficient hemoglobin.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

cytokine, protina ng signal ng selula

cytokine, protina ng signal ng selula

Isara

[pang-uri]

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

pampigil, pansawata

pampigil, pansawata

Ex: The brain 's inhibitory processes prevent sensory overload by filtering out unnecessary information .Ang mga prosesong **inhibitoryo** ng utak ay pumipigil sa sensory overload sa pamamagitan ng pagsala sa hindi kinakailangang impormasyon.

Isara

Mga Likas na Agham ng SAT

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