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Mga Likas na Agham ng SAT - Neurolohiya at Biyokimya ng Dugo

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa neurolohiya at blood biochemistry, tulad ng "leptin", "ghrelin", atbp. na kakailanganin mo para makapasa sa iyong SATs.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
neuron
neuron
[Pangngalan]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neuron, selula ng nerbiyos

neuron, selula ng nerbiyos

Ex: Neurons transmit signals at speeds of up to 120 meters per second. 

Ang mga neuron ay nagpapadala ng mga signal sa bilis na hanggang 120 metro bawat segundo.

white matter
white matter
[Pangngalan]

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

puting bagay, puting materya

puting bagay, puting materya

connectome
connectome
[Pangngalan]

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

connectome, mapa ng mga koneksyon ng neural

connectome, mapa ng mga koneksyon ng neural

parasympathetic
parasympathetic
[pang-uri]

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parasympathetic

parasympathetic

Ex: Chronic stress can impair parasympathetic function, contributing to health issues like digestive problems and insomnia. 

Ang chronic stress ay maaaring makasira sa parasympathetic function, na nag-aambag sa mga isyu sa kalusugan tulad ng mga problema sa pagtunaw at insomnia.

autonomic
autonomic
[pang-uri]

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

awtonomiko, berhalaman

awtonomiko, berhalaman

Ex: Sweating is an autonomic response to regulate body temperature. 

Ang paglalabas ng pawis ay isang awtonomikong tugon upang ayusin ang temperatura ng katawan.

hippocampus
hippocampus
[Pangngalan]

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

hippocampus, kurba na istraktura sa utak na responsable sa pagbuo ng memorya

hippocampus, kurba na istraktura sa utak na responsable sa pagbuo ng memorya

parietal cortex
parietal cortex
[Pangngalan]

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

parietal cortex, panlabas na layer ng neural tissue sa parietal lobe

parietal cortex, panlabas na layer ng neural tissue sa parietal lobe

neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter
[Pangngalan]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

Ex: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. 

Ang neurotransmitter na dopamine ay kasangkot sa regulasyon ng mood.

neurogenesis
neurogenesis
[Pangngalan]

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurohenesis, pagbuo ng neuron

neurohenesis, pagbuo ng neuron

Ex: Physical exercise has been shown to enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a brain region important for learning and memory. 

Ang pisikal na ehersisyo ay ipinakita upang mapahusay ang neurogenesis sa hippocampus, isang rehiyon ng utak na mahalaga para sa pag-aaral at memorya.

neurosis
neurosis
[Pangngalan]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosis, sakit sa isip

neurosis, sakit sa isip

Ex: Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning. 

Ang neurosis ay madalas na nagpapakita bilang talamak na pagkabalisa, obsessive na mga pag-uugali, o mga takot na nakakasagabal sa pang-araw-araw na paggana.

neuroscientist
neuroscientist
[Pangngalan]

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

neuroscientist, dalubhasa sa neurosensya

neuroscientist, dalubhasa sa neurosensya

Ex: The neuroscientist conducted experiments to investigate the effects of dopamine on decision-making. 

Ang neuroscientist ay nagsagawa ng mga eksperimento upang siyasatin ang mga epekto ng dopamine sa paggawa ng desisyon.

synesthesia
synesthesia
[Pangngalan]

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

synesthesia, synesthesia

synesthesia, synesthesia

Ex: In synesthesia, hearing music may evoke the perception of colors or shapes. 

Sa synesthesia, ang pakikinig ng musika ay maaaring mag-evoke ng pang-unawa ng mga kulay o hugis.

sensation
sensation
[Pangngalan]

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

pakiramdam, pagdama

pakiramdam, pagdama

Ex: The cold water created a tingling sensation on her skin. 

Ang malamig na tubig ay lumikha ng isang pakiramdam ng pagkakaroon ng tingling sa kanyang balat.

short-term memory
short-term memory
[Pangngalan]

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

maikling-term memory, pansamantalang memorya

maikling-term memory, pansamantalang memorya

Ex: Short-term memory allows us to remember a phone number long enough to dial it. 

Ang maikling-termeng memorya ay nagbibigay-daan sa atin na matandaan ang isang numero ng telepono nang sapat na katagalan upang ito ay i-dial.

endocrinology
endocrinology
[Pangngalan]

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endokrinolohiya

endokrinolohiya

Ex: Endocrinology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of hormone-related disorders. 

Ang Endocrinology ay ang sangay ng medisina na nakatuon sa pag-aaral at paggamot ng mga karamdaman na may kaugnayan sa hormone.

melatonin
melatonin
[Pangngalan]

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

melatonin, hormon ng pagtulog

melatonin, hormon ng pagtulog

ghrelin
ghrelin
[Pangngalan]

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrelin, hormon ng gutom

ghrelin, hormon ng gutom

Ex: Ghrelin levels typically rise before meals, signaling the body's need for food. 

Karaniwang tumataas ang mga antas ng ghrelin bago kumain, na nagpapahiwatig ng pangangailangan ng katawan para sa pagkain.

leptin
leptin
[Pangngalan]

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptin, hormon ng pagkabusog

leptin, hormon ng pagkabusog

estrogen
estrogen
[Pangngalan]

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrogen, hormon ng babae

estrogen, hormon ng babae

serotonin
serotonin
[Pangngalan]

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

Ex: Serotonin levels are often associated with feelings of well-being and happiness. 

Ang mga antas ng serotonin ay madalas na nauugnay sa mga pakiramdam ng kagalingan at kaligayahan.

norepinephrine
norepinephrine
[Pangngalan]

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

noradrenaline, norepinephrine

noradrenaline, norepinephrine

histamine
histamine
[Pangngalan]

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

histamine

histamine

Ex: Antihistamines are commonly used to relieve symptoms of allergic reactions by blocking histamine receptors. 

Ang antihistamines ay karaniwang ginagamit upang mapawi ang mga sintomas ng allergic reactions sa pamamagitan ng pag-block sa mga receptor ng histamine.

lipoprotein
lipoprotein
[Pangngalan]

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoprotein, protinang lipid

lipoprotein, protinang lipid

Ex: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream. 

Ang high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ay madalas na tinutukoy bilang "good cholesterol" dahil tumutulong ito na alisin ang cholesterol sa bloodstream.

synapse
synapse
[Pangngalan]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

synapse, sugpong ng dalawang nerve cell

synapse, sugpong ng dalawang nerve cell

Ex: Neurotransmitters released into the synapse bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses. 

Ang mga neurotransmitter na inilabas sa synapse ay nakakabit sa mga receptor sa tumatanggap na neuron, na nagpapadali sa paghahatid ng nerve impulses.

biomarker
biomarker
[Pangngalan]

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarker, marker na biyolohikal

biomarker, marker na biyolohikal

amino acid
amino acid
[Pangngalan]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

amino asido, asidong amino

amino asido, asidong amino

acidosis
acidosis
[Pangngalan]

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidosis, acidemia

acidosis, acidemia

Ex: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a severe form of acidosis that can occur in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. 

Ang diabetic ketoacidosis ay isang malubhang anyo ng acidosis na maaaring mangyari sa mga taong may hindi kontroladong diabetes.

alkalosis
alkalosis
[Pangngalan]

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alkalosis, alkalemia

alkalosis, alkalemia

Ex: Respiratory alkalosis can occur when there is hyperventilation, leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood. 

Ang respiratory alkalosis ay maaaring mangyari kapag may hyperventilation, na nagdudulot ng pagbaba sa mga antas ng carbon dioxide sa dugo.

hemoglobin
hemoglobin
[Pangngalan]

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hemoglobin, globin

hemoglobin, globin

Ex: Iron-rich foods support hemoglobin levels. 

Ang mga pagkaing mayaman sa bakal ay sumusuporta sa mga antas ng hemoglobin.

cytokine
cytokine
[Pangngalan]

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

cytokine, protina ng signal ng selula

cytokine, protina ng signal ng selula

inhibitory
inhibitory
[pang-uri]

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

pampigil, pansawata

pampigil, pansawata

Ex: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate neural activity in the brain. 

Ang GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) ay isang inhibitory neurotransmitter na tumutulong sa pag-regulate ng neural activity sa utak.

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