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自然科学 SAT - 神経学と血液生化学
ここでは、SATを突破するために必要な「レプチン」、「グレリン」などの神経学と血液生化学に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。
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a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
ニューロン, 神経細胞
the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers
白質, 白い物質
a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system
コネクトーム, 神経接続の包括的なマップ
relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body
副交感神経の
relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control
自律的な, 植物性の
a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation
海馬, 記憶形成を担う脳内の湾曲した構造
the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness
頭頂皮質, 頭頂葉の外層神経組織
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
神経伝達物質
the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions
神経発生, ニューロン生成
a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed
神経症, 神経症的障害
a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord
神経科学者, 神経科学の専門家
a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway
共感覚, 共感覚
a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body
感覚, 知覚
the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes
短期記憶, 作業記憶
the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body
内分泌学
a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep
メラトニン, 睡眠ホルモン
a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger
グレリン, 空腹ホルモン
a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness
レプチン, 満腹ホルモン
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
エストロゲン, 女性ホルモン
a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions
セロトニン, 5-ヒドロキシトリプタミン (5-HT)
a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response
ノルアドレナリン, ノルエピネフリン
a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms
ヒスタミン
a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids
リポ蛋白, 脂質蛋白
a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
シナプス, 神経細胞間の接合部
a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment
バイオマーカー, 生物学的マーカー
a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal
アシドーシス, 酸血症
a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal
アルカローシス, アルカリ血症
a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells
ヘモグロビン, グロビン
a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body
サイトカイン, 細胞シグナル伝達タンパク質
having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function
抑制的な, 阻害的な
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