自然科学 SAT - 神経学および血液生化学

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

ニューロン

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

白質, ホワイトマター

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

コネクトーム

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

副交感神経の, 副交感神経に関連する

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

自律的, オートノミック

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

海馬

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

頭頂葉皮質, 頭頂 cortex

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

神経伝達物質

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

神経新生, ニューロン生成

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

神経症

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

神経科学者, 神経学者

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

共感覚

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

感覚, センセーション

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

短期記憶, 一時的な記憶

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

内分泌学

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

メラトニン

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

グレリン

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

レプチン, ホルモンレプチン

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

エストロゲン

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

セロトニン

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

ノルエピネフリン, ノルアドレナリン

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

ヒスタミン, ヒスタミン化合物

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

リポタンパク質

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

シナプス

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

バイオマーカー, 生物学的指標

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

アミノ酸

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

アシドーシス, 酸性症

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

アルカローシス

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

ヘモグロビン

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

サイトカイン

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

抑制的, 抑制性の