SAT přírodní vědy - Neurologie a biochemie krve

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neuron

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

bílá hmota

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

konnektom

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parasympatický

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

autonomní

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

hipokampus

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

parietální kůra

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmiter

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurogeneze

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neuroza

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

neuroscientist

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

synestézie

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

pocit

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

krátkodobá paměť

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endokrinologie

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

melatonin

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrelin

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptin

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrogen

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

serotonin

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

norepinefrin

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

histamin

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoprotein

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

synapse

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarker

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminokyselina

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidóza

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alkalóza

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hemoglobin

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

cytokin

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

inhibiční