Ciências Naturais SAT - Neurologia e Bioquímica do Sangue

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neurônio

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

matéria branca, substância branca

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

conectoma

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parassimpático, relativo ao sistema nervoso parassimpático

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

autonômico, automático

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

hipocampo

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

córtex parietal, corteza parietal

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmissor

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurogênese, geração de neurônios

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurose

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

neurocientista, cientista do cérebro

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

sinestesia

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

sensação, percepção

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

memória de curto prazo, memória temporária

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endocrinologia

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

melatonina

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrelina

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptina, hormônio leptina

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrogênio

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

serotonina

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

norepinefrina, noradrenalina

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

histamina, histoamina

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoproteína

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

sinapse

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarcador, indicador biológico

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminoácido

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidoze, acidose

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alcalose

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hemoglobina

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

citoquina

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

inibitório, inibidor