Sciences Naturelles SAT - Neurologie et biochimie sanguine

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neurone

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

matière blanche, substance blanche

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

connectome

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parasympathique, du système nerveux parasympathique

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

autonome, autonistique

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

hippocampe

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

cortex pariétal, cortex de la pièce

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmetteur

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurogenèse, génération de neurones

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

névrose

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

neuroscientifique, scientifique du cerveau

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

synesthésie

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

sensation

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

mémoire à court terme, mémoire éphémère

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endocrinologie

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

la mélatonine

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrélime

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptine, hormone leptin

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

œstrogène

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

sérotonine

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

noradrénaline, norepinephrine

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

histamine, histoamine

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoprotéine

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

synapse

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarqueur, indicateur biologique

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

acide aminé

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidose, acidoză

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alcalose

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hémoglobine

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

cytokine

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

inhibiteur, inhibitrice