pattern

Ciencias Naturales SAT - Neurología y Bioquímica Sanguínea

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la neurología y la bioquímica sanguínea, como "leptina", "ghrelina", etc., que necesitarás para superar tus SATs.

Revisión

Tarjetas de memoria

Ortografía

Cuestionario

Empezar a aprender
SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
neuron
neuron
[Sustantivo]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neurona

neurona

Ex: A single neuron can connect to thousands of other nerve cells. 

Una sola neurona puede conectarse a miles de otras células nerviosas.

white matter
white matter
[Sustantivo]

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

sustancia blanca, materia blanca

sustancia blanca, materia blanca

connectome
connectome
[Sustantivo]

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

conectoma, mapa de conexiones neuronales

conectoma, mapa de conexiones neuronales

parasympathetic
parasympathetic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parasimpático

parasimpático

Ex: Massage therapy can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to a sense of calm. 

La terapia de masaje puede estimular el sistema nervioso parasimpático, lo que lleva a una sensación de calma.

autonomic
autonomic
[Adjetivo]

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

autónomo, vegetativo

autónomo, vegetativo

Ex: The autonomic reflexes help maintain internal balance without conscious effort. 

Los reflejos autonómicos ayudan a mantener el equilibrio interno sin esfuerzo consciente.

hippocampus
hippocampus
[Sustantivo]

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

hipocampo, estructura hipocampal

hipocampo, estructura hipocampal

parietal cortex
parietal cortex
[Sustantivo]

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

corteza parietal, córtex parietal

corteza parietal, córtex parietal

neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter
[Sustantivo]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmisor

neurotransmisor

Ex: Endorphins act as neurotransmitters that relieve pain and induce pleasure. 

Las endorfinas actúan como neurotransmisores que alivian el dolor e inducen el placer.

neurogenesis
neurogenesis
[Sustantivo]

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurogénesis, generación de neuronas

neurogénesis, generación de neuronas

Ex: Stress and aging can negatively impact neurogenesis in the brain. 

El estrés y el envejecimiento pueden afectar negativamente la neurogénesis en el cerebro.

neurosis
neurosis
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosis

neurosis

Ex: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common treatment for neurosis, helping individuals reframe negative thought patterns and reduce anxiety. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) es un tratamiento común para la neurosis, que ayuda a las personas a reformular patrones de pensamiento negativos y reducir la ansiedad.

neuroscientist
neuroscientist
[Sustantivo]

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

neurocientífico, especialista en neurociencia

neurocientífico, especialista en neurociencia

Ex: She became a neuroscientist to better understand the mechanisms of neuroplasticity. 

Se convirtió en neurocientífica para comprender mejor los mecanismos de la neuroplasticidad.

synesthesia
synesthesia
[Sustantivo]

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

sinestesia, sinestesia

sinestesia, sinestesia

Ex: The artist's synesthesia influenced the vibrant colors and textures in her paintings. 

La sinestesia del artista influyó en los colores vibrantes y las texturas de sus pinturas.

sensation
sensation
[Sustantivo]

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

sensibilidad

sensibilidad

Ex: The sensation of the warm sun on her face was comforting. 

La sensación del sol cálido en su rostro era reconfortante.

short-term memory
short-term memory
[Sustantivo]

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

memoria a corto plazo, memoria inmediata

memoria a corto plazo, memoria inmediata

Ex: Studying in short bursts can help improve retention in short-term memory. 

Estudiar en ráfagas cortas puede ayudar a mejorar la retención en la memoria a corto plazo.

endocrinology
endocrinology
[Sustantivo]

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endocrinología

endocrinología

Ex: The endocrinology clinic specializes in managing conditions such as hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and polycystic ovary syndrome. 

La clínica de endocrinología se especializa en el manejo de afecciones como el hipotiroidismo, la insuficiencia suprarrenal y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico.

melatonin
melatonin
[Sustantivo]

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

melatonina, hormona del sueño

melatonina, hormona del sueño

ghrelin
ghrelin
[Sustantivo]

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrelina, hormona del hambre

ghrelina, hormona del hambre

Ex: Ghrelin is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" due to its appetite-stimulating effects. 

La ghrelina a menudo se denomina "hormona del hambre" debido a sus efectos estimulantes del apetito.

leptin
leptin
[Sustantivo]

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptina, hormona de la saciedad

leptina, hormona de la saciedad

estrogen
estrogen
[Sustantivo]

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrógeno

estrógeno

serotonin
serotonin
[Sustantivo]

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

serotonina, 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT)

serotonina, 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT)

Ex: Serotonin is involved in the regulation of sleep cycles and wakefulness. 

La serotonina está involucrada en la regulación de los ciclos de sueño y la vigilia.

norepinephrine
norepinephrine
[Sustantivo]

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

noradrenalina, norepinefrina

noradrenalina, norepinefrina

histamine
histamine
[Sustantivo]

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

histamina

histamina

Ex: Excessive histamine release can lead to symptoms such as hives, itching, and nasal congestion. 

La liberación excesiva de histamina puede provocar síntomas como urticaria, picazón y congestión nasal.

lipoprotein
lipoprotein
[Sustantivo]

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoproteína, proteína lipídica

lipoproteína, proteína lipídica

Ex: Lipoproteins play a crucial role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. 

Las lipoproteínas desempeñan un papel crucial en el metabolismo de los lípidos y la salud cardiovascular.

synapse
synapse
[Sustantivo]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

sinapsis, unión sináptica

sinapsis, unión sináptica

Ex: Chemical synapses are the most common type of synapse, involving the release of neurotransmitters to transmit signals. 

Las sinapsis químicas son el tipo de sinapsis más común, que implica la liberación de neurotransmisores para transmitir señales.

biomarker
biomarker
[Sustantivo]

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarcador, marcador biológico

biomarcador, marcador biológico

amino acid
amino acid
[Sustantivo]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminoácido

aminoácido

acidosis
acidosis
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidosis, acidemia

acidosis, acidemia

Ex: Acidosis disrupts normal physiological processes and can lead to organ dysfunction. 

La acidosis altera los procesos fisiológicos normales y puede provocar disfunción orgánica.

alkalosis
alkalosis
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alcalosis, alcalemia

alcalosis, alcalemia

Ex: Alkalosis can cause symptoms such as muscle twitching, confusion, and tingling sensations. 

Alcalosis puede causar síntomas como espasmos musculares, confusión y sensaciones de hormigueo.

hemoglobin
hemoglobin
[Sustantivo]

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hemoglobina, globina

hemoglobina, globina

Ex: Healthy diets support hemoglobin production. 

Las dietas saludables favorecen la producción de hemoglobina.

cytokine
cytokine
[Sustantivo]

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

citoquina, proteína de señalización celular

citoquina, proteína de señalización celular

inhibitory
inhibitory
[Adjetivo]

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

inhibitorio, inhibidor

inhibitorio, inhibidor

Ex: Inhibitory neurons play a crucial role in controlling the timing and intensity of signals in neural circuits. 

Las neuronas inhibitorias desempeñan un papel crucial en el control del tiempo y la intensidad de las señales en los circuitos neuronales.

LanGeek
Descargar la aplicación LanGeek