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SAT Științe ale naturii - Neurologie și biochimie a sângelui

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în limba engleză legate de neurologie și biochimia sângelui, cum ar fi „leptin”, „ghrelin”, etc. de care veți avea nevoie pentru a obține SAT-urile.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
neuron

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neuron

neuron

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white matter

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

substanță albă

substanță albă

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connectome

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

connectom

connectom

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parasympathetic

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

parasimpatic

parasimpatic

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autonomic

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

autonom

autonom

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hippocampus

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

hipocamp

hipocamp

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parietal cortex

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

cortex parietal

cortex parietal

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neurotransmitter

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmițător

neurotransmițător

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neurogenesis

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

neurogeneză

neurogeneză

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neurosis

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neuroză

neuroză

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neuroscientist

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

neurocercetător

neurocercetător

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synesthesia

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

sineestezie

sineestezie

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sensation

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

senzatie

senzatie

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short-term memory

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

memorie pe termen scurt

memorie pe termen scurt

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endocrinology

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

endocrinologie

endocrinologie

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melatonin

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

melatonină

melatonină

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ghrelin

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

ghrelin

ghrelin

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leptin

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

leptină

leptină

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estrogen

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrogen

estrogen

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serotonin

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

serotonină

serotonină

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norepinephrine

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

norepinefrină

norepinefrină

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histamine

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

histamin

histamin

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lipoprotein

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

lipoproteină

lipoproteină

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synapse

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

sinapsă

sinapsă

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biomarker

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

biomarker

biomarker

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amino acid

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminoacizi

aminoacizi

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acidosis

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

acidoză

acidoză

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alkalosis

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

alcaloză

alcaloză

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hemoglobin

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hemoglobină

hemoglobină

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cytokine

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

citochină

citochină

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inhibitory

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

inhibitor

inhibitor

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