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自然科学SAT - 神经病学和血液生化

在这里,您将学习一些与神经病学和血液生化相关的英语单词,例如“leptin”、“ghrelin”等,您将需要这些单词来提高 SAT 成绩。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
neuron

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

神经元

神经元

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white matter

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

白质

白质

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connectome

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

连接组

连接组

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parasympathetic

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

副交感的

副交感的

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autonomic

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

自主的

自主的

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hippocampus

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

海马

海马

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parietal cortex

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

顶叶皮层

顶叶皮层

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neurotransmitter

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

神经递质

神经递质

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neurogenesis

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

神经发生

神经发生

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neurosis

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

神经症

神经症

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neuroscientist

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

神经科学家

神经科学家

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synesthesia

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

联觉

联觉

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sensation

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

感觉

感觉

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short-term memory

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

短期记忆

短期记忆

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endocrinology

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

内分泌学

内分泌学

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melatonin

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

褪黑素

褪黑素

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ghrelin

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

生长素

生长素

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leptin

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

瘦素

瘦素

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estrogen

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

雌激素

雌激素

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serotonin

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

血清素

血清素

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norepinephrine

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

去甲肾上腺素

去甲肾上腺素

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histamine

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

组胺

组胺

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lipoprotein

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

脂蛋白

脂蛋白

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synapse

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

突触

突触

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biomarker

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

生物标志物

生物标志物

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amino acid

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

氨基酸

氨基酸

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acidosis

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

酸中毒

酸中毒

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alkalosis

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

碱中毒

碱中毒

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hemoglobin

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

血红蛋白

血红蛋白

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cytokine

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

细胞因子

细胞因子

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inhibitory

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

抑制的

抑制的

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