自然科学SAT - 神经病学和血液生化

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

神经元

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

白质, 白色物质

a comprehensive map or diagram that depicts the complete set of neural connections within a nervous system

连接组

relating to the part of the nervous system that promotes relaxation and digestion in the body

副交感的, 与副交感神经系统有关的

relating to bodily functions that occur automatically, without conscious effort or control

自主的, 自动的

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

海马

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

顶叶皮层, 顶叶皮质

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

神经递质

the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, occurring primarily during prenatal development but also continuing into adulthood in certain brain regions

神经发生, 神经元生成

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

神经症

a scientist who studies the structure, function, and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

神经科学家, 神经生物学家

a neurological phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

联觉

a physical perception caused by an outside stimulus or something being in touch with the body

感觉, 感受

the temporary storage of information that is currently being used or actively processed by the brain, typically for a few seconds to a few minutes

短期记忆, 暂时记忆

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

内分泌学

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

褪黑素

a hormone produced mainly by the stomach that stimulates appetite and regulates hunger

生长素

a hormone produced primarily by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting feelings of fullness

瘦素, 荷尔蒙瘦素

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

雌激素

a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that plays a key role in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, and various physiological functions

血清素

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

去甲肾上腺素, 去甲肾上腺素

a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms

组胺, 组织胺

a biochemical assembly that transports fats in the bloodstream, composed of proteins and lipids

脂蛋白

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

突触

a biological indicator found in blood that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a particular physiological or pathological condition, or the response to treatment

生物标志物, 生物指标

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

氨基酸

a medical condition characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a lower pH than normal

酸中毒, 酸性中毒

a medical condition characterized by an excess of base or alkali in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a higher pH than normal

碱中毒

a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

血红蛋白

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

细胞因子

having the ability to restrain, limit, or suppress activity or function

抑制的, 抑制性