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SAT 語彙スキル 2 - レッスン6

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SAT Word Skills 2
outbreak
outbreak
[名詞]

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

発生, 流行

発生, 流行

Ex: The scientist studied the outbreak to understand its cause and spread. 
outcry
outcry
[名詞]

a loud, sustained noise or shout of disapproval, protest, or outrage

叫び, 抗議

叫び, 抗議

Ex: From all corners of society, there arose a unified outcry against the unjust treatment of marginalized communities. 

社会のあらゆる角落から、疎外されたコミュニティへの不当な扱いに対する統一された抗議の声が上がった。

to outlast
to outlast
[動詞]

to stay alive for a longer period of time than others in a particular situation

生き残る, より長く耐える

生き残る, より長く耐える

Ex: She had a strong immune system that allowed her to outlast the flu while others around her fell ill. 

彼女は強い免疫システムを持っていたため、周りの人々が病気になる中でインフルエンザを乗り越えることができた。

outlaw
outlaw
[名詞]

a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities

無法者, 匪賊

無法者, 匪賊

Ex: During the Wild West era, many outlaws sought refuge in remote hideouts to evade law enforcement. 

西部開拓時代、多くの無法者が法執行を逃れるために遠隔地の隠れ家に避難を求めた。

outpost
outpost
[名詞]

a military camp situated far from the main army of troops

前哨, 前哨基地

前哨, 前哨基地

Ex: Strategically positioned along the border, the outpost acted as a vigilant watchtower, ensuring national security. 

国境沿いに戦略的に配置された前哨基地は、国家安全を確保するための警戒塔として機能しました。

tyrannical
tyrannical
[形容詞]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

暴虐な, 専制的な

暴虐な, 専制的な

Ex: Under the tyrannical ruler's iron grip, innocent individuals were subjected to arbitrary arrests, torture, and prolonged detention. 

専制君主の鉄の握りの下で、無実の人々は恣意的な逮捕、拷問、長期拘留にさらされました。

tyranny
tyranny
[名詞]

a type of government where a ruler or a small group of people have complete power and control over the citizens, often making decisions without considering their rights or welfare

専制政治, 暴政

専制政治, 暴政

Ex: In the face of tyranny, brave individuals stood up for justice and fought against the oppressive regime, risking their lives to bring about freedom. 

専制政治に直面して、勇敢な人々が正義のために立ち上がり、抑圧的な政権と戦い、自由をもたらすために命を賭けた。

to exasperate

to deeply irritate someone, especially when they can do nothing about it or solve the problem

いらだたせる, 怒らせる

いらだたせる, 怒らせる

Ex: His repeated failure to follow instructions correctly exasperated his boss, who had to continually correct his mistakes. 

指示に正しく従えない彼の繰り返される失敗は、彼のミスを絶えず修正しなければならなかった上司をいらだたせた。

exasperation
exasperation
[名詞]

a deep sense of annoyance due to persistent difficulties

憤慨

憤慨

Ex: With each failed attempt, her exasperation grew, making her question if success was even possible. 

失敗するたびに、彼女のいらだちは増し、成功が可能かどうか疑問に思うようになった。

criteria
criteria
[名詞]

the particular characteristics that are considered when evaluating something

基準, 条件

基準, 条件

Ex: The criteria for choosing the winner of the art contest are creativity and technique. 
critical
critical
[形容詞]

providing knowledgeable judgments and opinions about the positive and negative aspects of something

批判的な, 分析的な

批判的な, 分析的な

Ex: The critical analysis of the data revealed important trends and patterns. 

データの批判的分析により、重要な傾向とパターンが明らかになりました。

to critique
to critique
[動詞]

to carefully examine something in a detailed manner

批評する,  分析する

批評する, 分析する

Ex: As part of the workshop, participants were encouraged to critique their peers' presentations, offering constructive feedback for refinement. 

ワークショップの一環として、参加者は同僚のプレゼンテーションを批評するよう奨励され、改善のための建設的なフィードバックを提供しました。

patriarch
patriarch
[名詞]

a powerful or respected man who serves as the head of a family or tribe

家長, 族長

家長, 族長

Ex: In the household, the patriarch was the ultimate authority, making important decisions that shaped the direction of the family's future. 

家庭では、家長が最高権威者であり、家族の将来の方向性を形作る重要な決定を下しました。

paternal
paternal
[形容詞]

having qualities or behaviors typically associated with a father, particularly in a caring, supportive, or protective manner

父親らしい, 父性的な

父親らしい, 父性的な

Ex: His paternal love and support were evident in the way he celebrated his children's achievements and comforted them in times of disappointment. 

彼の父親らしい愛とサポートは、子供たちの達成を祝い、失望の時に慰める方法で明らかでした。

patrician
patrician
[名詞]

a person belonging to the highest social class or aristocracy in certain societies

パトリキ, 貴族

パトリキ, 貴族

Ex: In medieval Europe, the patricians were distinguished by their opulent lifestyles, luxurious mansions, and exclusive access to education and cultural resources. 

中世ヨーロッパでは、パトリキはその豪華な生活様式、豪華な邸宅、そして教育や文化資源への独占的なアクセスによって区別されました。

patrimony
patrimony
[名詞]

a property passed down from a father to his children by right of birth

相続財産, 父の遺産

相続財産, 父の遺産

Ex: In some cultures, land and property are considered essential components of one's patrimony and are carefully preserved. 

一部の文化では、土地と財産は遺産の重要な構成要素と見なされ、注意深く保存されています。

patriotism
patriotism
[名詞]

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

愛国心

愛国心

Ex: John's unwavering patriotism led him to serve in the military, defending his country's values and freedoms. 

ジョンの揺るぎない愛国心は、彼を軍隊に仕えさせ、国の価値観と自由を守ることに導いた。

patron
patron
[名詞]

an individual who regularly visits and uses a specific establishment, such as a shop, restaurant, or other business

顧客, 常連客

顧客, 常連客

Ex: As a loyal patron of the neighborhood bookstore, she would often spend hours browsing the shelves and discussing book recommendations with the staff. 
to patronize
to patronize
[動詞]

to speak or behave in a way that implies that one is more knowledgeable, experienced, or intelligent than the other person

見下す, 保護する

見下す, 保護する

Ex: I feel she is patronizing me by her constant attempts to explain things to me as if I'm incapable of understanding. 

彼女が理解できないかのように常に説明しようとする態度で、私を見下していると感じます。

patronymic
patronymic
[形容詞]

derived from the name of one's father or a male ancestor

父称の, 父親の名前に由来する

父称の, 父親の名前に由来する

Ex: Many Slavic languages use patronymic naming conventions rather than family names. 

多くのスラブ語は、姓ではなく父称の命名規則を使用しています。

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