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IELTS のための語彙 (基本) - 家族と関係

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「兄弟姉妹」、「母性」、「知人」など、家族や関係についての英語の単語を学びます。

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Words for Basic IELTS
sibling
sibling
[名詞]

one's brother or sister

兄弟姉妹, シブリング

兄弟姉妹, シブリング

Ex: She has a close relationship with her sibling and talks to her every day. 

彼女は兄弟姉妹と親密な関係にあり、毎日話しています。

spouse
spouse
[名詞]

a male or female partner in a marriage

配偶者, 夫/妻

配偶者, 夫/妻

Ex: He introduced his spouse as his rock and closest confidant. 

彼は自分の配偶者を自分の岩であり、最も親しい信頼できる人として紹介しました。

adolescence
adolescence
[名詞]

a period in one's life between puberty and adulthood

思春期, 青年期

思春期, 青年期

Ex: Adolescence is a time of rapid physical growth. 

思春期は、急速な身体的成長の時期です。

toddler
toddler
[名詞]

a young child who is starting to learn how to walk

幼児, 歩き始めた子供

幼児, 歩き始めた子供

Ex: The toddler took his first steps, much to the delight of his parents. 

幼児は最初の一歩を踏み出し、両親を大いに喜ばせた。

bond
bond
[名詞]

a relationship between people or groups based on shared experiences, ideas, or emotions

絆, 結びつき

絆, 結びつき

Ex: The teacher built a bond with her students through patience and care. 
fatherhood
fatherhood
[名詞]

the state of being a father to a child or children

父親であること, 父である状態

父親であること, 父である状態

Ex: He embraced fatherhood with open arms, eager to provide and protect his family. 

彼は父親であることを両手を広げて受け入れ、家族を養い守ることに熱心だった。

brotherhood
brotherhood
[名詞]

the kinship or familial bond among male siblings

兄弟愛, 兄弟の絆

兄弟愛, 兄弟の絆

Ex: Their close brotherhood lasted throughout childhood. 

彼らの緊密な兄弟愛は子供時代を通じて続いた。

motherhood
motherhood
[名詞]

the state of being a mother to a child or children

母性, 母親である状態

母性, 母親である状態

Ex: She embraced motherhood with love and dedication, cherishing every moment with her child. 

彼女は愛と献身をもって母性を受け入れ、子供とのひとときを大切にしました。

childhood
childhood
[名詞]

the period of a person's life when they are a child

子供時代,  幼少期

子供時代, 幼少期

Ex: Emma spent most of her childhood in a small town. 
pensioner
pensioner
[名詞]

a person who receives a pension, especially one paid by the government after retirement

年金受給者,  年金生活者

年金受給者, 年金生活者

Ex: Many pensioners rely mainly on their state pension. 
upbringing
upbringing
[名詞]

the manner in which a child is raised, including the care, guidance, and teaching provided by parents or guardians

育成, 養育

育成, 養育

Ex: A loving and supportive upbringing can have a lasting impact on a child's confidence. 

愛情と支援に満ちた育成は、子供の自信に永続的な影響を与える可能性があります。

acquaintance
acquaintance
[名詞]

a person whom one knows but is not a close friend

知人, 関係

知人, 関係

Ex: She bumped into an old acquaintance at the grocery store and exchanged pleasantries. 

彼女は食料品店で昔の知り合いにばったり会い、挨拶を交わした。

conflict
conflict
[名詞]

an instance of serious opposition between ideas, values, or interests

対立, 衝突

対立, 衝突

Ex: The conflict highlighted the need for dialogue and compromise. 
mother-in-law

someone who is the mother of a person's wife or husband

義母, 配偶者の母

義母, 配偶者の母

Ex: Despite initial apprehensions, she and her mother-in-law developed a strong bond over the years. 

最初の不安にもかかわらず、彼女と義理の母は年月をかけて強い絆を築きました。

father-in-law

someone who is the father of a person's wife or husband

義父, 配偶者の父親

義父, 配偶者の父親

Ex: He has a great relationship with his father-in-law, often bonding over shared interests. 

彼は義父ととても良い関係を持っており、共通の趣味でよく結びついています。

brother-in-law

the person who is the brother of one's spouse

義理の兄弟, 配偶者の兄弟

義理の兄弟, 配偶者の兄弟

Ex: He has a great relationship with his brother-in-law, often sharing jokes and interests. 

彼は義理の兄弟ととても良い関係を持っており、よく冗談や興味を共有しています。

sister-in-law

the person who is the sister of one's spouse

義理の姉妹, 配偶者の姉妹

義理の姉妹, 配偶者の姉妹

Ex: She has a close relationship with her sister-in-law, often confiding in her like a sister. 

彼女は義理の姉妹と親密な関係を持っており、よく姉のように彼女に打ち明けます。

to adopt
to adopt
[動詞]

to take someone's child into one's family and become their legal parent

養子にする

養子にする

Ex: Single individuals can also adopt and provide a stable and loving home for a child in need. 
ancestor
ancestor
[名詞]

a person from whom someone is descended, especially one who lived many generations ago

祖先,  先祖

祖先, 先祖

Ex: One of Maya's ancestors emigrated from Italy in the nineteenth century. 
to annul
to annul
[動詞]

to officially cancel a marriage, declaring it legally void as if it never occurred, typically due to fraud, incapacity, or procedural error

無効にする, 取り消す

無効にする, 取り消す

Ex: The court agreed to annul the marriage due to lack of consent. 

裁判所は、同意の欠如により結婚を無効にすることに合意した。

breakup
breakup
[名詞]

the end of a relationship or an association

別れ, 破局

別れ, 破局

Ex: The sudden breakup of their ten-year marriage shocked all their friends and family. 

10年間の結婚生活の突然の破局は、すべての友人と家族を驚かせた。

close-knit
close-knit
[形容詞]

(of a group of people) having a strong friendly relationship with shared interests

結束した, 緊密な

結束した, 緊密な

Ex: The residents of the small town were known for their close-knit community, always ready to lend a helping hand to their neighbors. 

その小さな町の住民は、緊密なコミュニティで知られており、常に隣人に手を貸す準備ができていました。

descendant
descendant
[名詞]

a person descended from a particular ancestor

子孫

子孫

Ex: He is a descendant of the town's original founder. 
custody
custody
[名詞]

the legal right and responsibility to care for a child and make decisions concerning them

親権,  養育権

親権, 養育権

Ex: The court awarded custody of the children to their mother. 
nuclear family

a family consisting of two parents and their children, but not any other relatives

核家族, 小家族

核家族, 小家族

extended family

a large family group consisting of parents and children that might also include grandparents, aunts, or uncles

拡大家族, 大家族

拡大家族, 大家族

Ex: Their extended family reunions are always a big event, with over fifty relatives attending. 

彼らの拡大家族の再会は常に大きなイベントで、50人以上の親戚が参加します。

blended family

a family in which the parents live with the children from their own relationship along with the children from previous ones

混合家族, ステップファミリー

混合家族, ステップファミリー

Ex: Holidays were a joyful occasion for their blended family, with children from both previous marriages coming together to celebrate. 

休日は彼らの混合家族にとって喜ばしい機会であり、以前の両方の結婚からの子供たちが集まって祝いました。

generation
generation
[名詞]

a group of people belonging to a particular age group or time period partaking in a certain activity

世代, 世代(年齢層)

世代, 世代(年齢層)

Ex: The new generation of entrepreneurs is utilizing technology to revolutionize industries worldwide. 
godparent
godparent
[名詞]

someone who takes responsibility and raises someone else's child in Christian faith

名付け親, 名付け親

名付け親, 名付け親

Ex: She was honored to be the child's godparent. 

彼女はその子の名付け親になることを光栄に思った。

to inherit
to inherit
[動詞]

to receive money, property, or possessions from someone after they die

相続する, 受け継ぐ

相続する, 受け継ぐ

Ex: Emma inherited the house from her grandmother. 
kinship
kinship
[名詞]

the relationship between the members of a family

親族関係

親族関係

orphan
orphan
[名詞]

a child whose parents have died

孤児, みなしご

孤児, みなしご

Ex: The orphan found solace and a new family in the orphanage after losing both parents in a tragic accident. 

孤児は、悲劇的な事故で両親を亡くした後、孤児院で慰めと新しい家族を見つけました。

stepparent
stepparent
[名詞]

someone who is married to either one of our parents but is not our real parent

継親, 義理の親

継親, 義理の親

divorcee
divorcee
[名詞]

a woman who has undergone a divorce, indicating that she was previously married but is now legally separated from her spouse

離婚した女性

離婚した女性

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