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IELTS のための語彙 (基本) - 家族と関係

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「兄弟姉妹」、「母性」、「知人」など、家族や関係についての英語の単語を学びます。

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Words for Basic IELTS
sibling
[名詞]

one's brother or sister

兄弟姉妹, シブリング

兄弟姉妹, シブリング

Ex: The siblings reunited for their parents ' anniversary , reminiscing about their childhood .**兄弟姉妹**は両親の記念日に再会し、子供時代を懐かしんだ。
spouse
[名詞]

a male or female partner in a marriage

配偶者, 夫/妻

配偶者, 夫/妻

Ex: Despite their differences , they support each other as devoted spouses.彼らは違いがあっても、献身的な**配偶者**としてお互いを支え合います。
adolescence
[名詞]

a period in one's life between puberty and adulthood

思春期, 青年期

思春期, 青年期

Ex: Adolescence can be a confusing period full of self-discovery .**思春期**は、自己発見に満ちた混乱した時期になることがあります。
toddler
[名詞]

a young child who is starting to learn how to walk

幼児, 歩き始めた子供

幼児, 歩き始めた子供

Ex: They took the toddler to the park , where he enjoyed playing on the swings .彼らは**幼児**を公園に連れて行き、そこで彼はブランコで遊ぶのを楽しんだ。
bond
[名詞]

a relationship formed between people or groups based on mutual experiences, ideas, feelings, etc.

絆, 関係

絆, 関係

fatherhood
[名詞]

the state of being a father to a child or children

父親であること, 父である状態

父親であること, 父である状態

Ex: Fatherhood challenged him to be the best version of himself for the sake of his children .**父親であること**は、彼に子供たちのために自分自身の最高のバージョンであることを挑戦させた。
brotherhood
[名詞]

the relationship between two or more brothers

兄弟関係

兄弟関係

motherhood
[名詞]

the state of being a mother to a child or children

母性, 母親である状態

母性, 母親である状態

Ex: Motherhood taught her the importance of patience , empathy , and selflessness .**母性**は彼女に忍耐、共感、無私の重要性を教えました。
childhood
[名詞]

the state of being a child

子供時代

子供時代

pensioner
[名詞]

a retired person who gets an amount of money each month, called pension, usually from the government

年金受給者, 退職者

年金受給者, 退職者

upbringing
[名詞]

the manner in which a child is raised, including the care, guidance, and teaching provided by parents or guardians

育成, 養育

育成, 養育

Ex: Despite a difficult upbringing, she overcame many challenges and succeeded in life .困難な**育ち**にもかかわらず、彼女は多くの課題を乗り越え、人生で成功を収めました。
acquaintance
[名詞]

a person whom one knows but is not a close friend

知人, 関係

知人, 関係

Ex: It 's always nice to catch up with acquaintances at social gatherings and hear about their recent experiences .社交の場で**知人**と話をし、彼らの最近の経験を聞くのはいつも楽しいものです。
conflict
[名詞]

an instance of serious opposition between ideas, values, or interests

対立, 衝突

対立, 衝突

Ex: The book explored the conflict between individual rights and collective good .その本は、個人の権利と集団の利益の間の**対立**を探求した。

someone who is the mother of a person's wife or husband

義母, 配偶者の母

義母, 配偶者の母

Ex: Her mother-in-law offered invaluable advice and support during difficult times .彼女の**義理の母**は、困難な時期に貴重な助言と支援を提供しました。

someone who is the father of a person's wife or husband

義父, 配偶者の父親

義父, 配偶者の父親

Ex: His father-in-law helped him with home repairs , teaching him valuable skills along the way .彼の**義父**は家の修理を手伝い、その過程で貴重なスキルを教えました。

the person who is the brother of one's spouse

義理の兄弟, 配偶者の兄弟

義理の兄弟, 配偶者の兄弟

Ex: They surprised their brother-in-law with tickets to his favorite sports game as a birthday present .彼らは誕生日プレゼントとして、お気に入りのスポーツゲームのチケットで**義理の兄弟**を驚かせました。

the person who is the sister of one's spouse

義理の姉妹, 配偶者の姉妹

義理の姉妹, 配偶者の姉妹

Ex: She and her sister-in-law enjoy shopping trips and spa days together , strengthening their sisterly bond .彼女と**義理の姉妹**は、一緒にショッピング旅行やスパの日を楽しみ、姉妹の絆を強めています。
to adopt
[動詞]

to take someone's child into one's family and become their legal parent

養子にする

養子にする

Ex: Adopting a child involves a lifelong commitment to providing care , guidance , and support as a legal parent .子供を**養子にする**ことは、法的な親としてケア、指導、サポートを提供するという生涯にわたるコミットメントを含みます。
ancestor
[名詞]

a blood relative who lived a long time ago, usually before one's grandparents

先祖, 祖先

先祖, 祖先

Ex: They shared stories about their ancestors, passing down family history to the younger generation .彼らは自分たちの**祖先**についての話を共有し、家族の歴史を若い世代に伝えました。
to annul
[動詞]

to officially cancel a marriage

無効にする,  取り消す

無効にする, 取り消す

breakup
[名詞]

the end of a relationship or an association

別れ, 破局

別れ, 破局

Ex: The breakup of the partnership left both entrepreneurs free to explore new business opportunities independently .パートナーシップの**解消**により、両方の起業家は独立して新しいビジネス機会を探求できるようになりました。
close-knit
[形容詞]

(of a group of people) having a strong friendly relationship with shared interests

結束した, 緊密な

結束した, 緊密な

Ex: They have a close-knit relationship built on trust and shared experiences .彼らは信頼と共有された経験に基づいた**密接な**関係を持っています。
descendant
[名詞]

someone who shares the same blood with a specific person who lived many years ago

子孫, 相続人

子孫, 相続人

Ex: The ancient artifact was passed down through generations , eventually ending up in the hands of a direct descendant.古代の遺物は世代を超えて受け継がれ、最終的に直接の**子孫**の手に渡った。
custody
[名詞]

the legal right to keep a thing or to take care of a person

監護, 保管

監護, 保管

a family consisting of two parents and their children, but not any other relatives

核家族, 小家族

核家族, 小家族

a large family group consisting of parents and children that might also include grandparents, aunts, or uncles

拡大家族, 大家族

拡大家族, 大家族

Ex: The extended family helped raise the children , providing additional care and guidance .**拡大家族**は、子供たちを育てるのを助け、追加のケアと指導を提供しました。

a family in which the parents live with the children from their own relationship along with the children from previous ones

混合家族, ステップファミリー

混合家族, ステップファミリー

Ex: It took time and patience , but their blended family eventually found harmony and mutual respect .
generation
[名詞]

a group of people belonging to a particular age group or time period partaking in a certain activity

世代, 世代(年齢層)

世代, 世代(年齢層)

Ex: A new generation of scientists is working tirelessly to address pressing global challenges , such as climate change and disease prevention .気候変動や疾病予防などの差し迫った世界的な課題に取り組むため、新たな**世代**の科学者たちが倦むことなく働いています。
godparent
[名詞]

someone who takes responsibility and raises someone else's child in Christian faith

名付け親, 名付け親

名付け親, 名付け親

to inherit
[動詞]

to receive money, property, etc. from someone who has passed away

相続する, 遺産を受け取る

相続する, 遺産を受け取る

Ex: The business was smoothly transitioned to the next generation as the siblings inherited equal shares .兄弟が均等な株式を**相続**したため、事業は次世代にスムーズに引き継がれました。
kinship
[名詞]

the relationship between the members of a family

親族関係

親族関係

orphan
[名詞]

a child whose parents have died

孤児, みなしご

孤児, みなしご

Ex: The orphan's resilience and strength inspired those around them , despite facing unimaginable loss at a young age .**孤児**の回復力と強さは、若い年齢で想像を絶する喪失に直面しているにもかかわらず、周囲の人々にインスピレーションを与えました。
stepparent
[名詞]

someone who is married to either one of our parents but is not our real parent

継親, 義理の親

継親, 義理の親

divorcee
[名詞]

a woman who has undergone a divorce, indicating that she was previously married but is now legally separated from her spouse

離婚した女性

離婚した女性

IELTS のための語彙 (基本)
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