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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア5) - Crime

ここでは、基本的なアカデミックIELTS試験に必要な犯罪に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
crime
[名詞]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

犯罪,  罪

犯罪, 罪

Ex: The increase in violent crime has made residents feel unsafe .暴力**犯罪**の増加により、住民は不安を感じています。
offense
[名詞]

any act that is against a law

違反, 犯罪

違反, 犯罪

Ex: He was arrested for a minor offense, but was released with a warning .
theft
[名詞]

the illegal act of taking something from a place or person without permission

窃盗

窃盗

Ex: The museum increased its security measures after a high-profile theft of priceless art pieces from its gallery .美術館は、そのギャラリーから貴重な美術品が目立つ**盗難**に遭った後、セキュリティ対策を強化しました。
fraud
[名詞]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

詐欺, 不正

詐欺, 不正

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used for fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .彼女は自分の身元が盗まれ、**詐欺**に使用されたことを知ってショックを受け、信用スコアが損なわれた。
assault
[名詞]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

暴行, 攻撃

暴行, 攻撃

Ex: The assault was captured on surveillance cameras , providing crucial evidence for the investigation .**暴行**は監視カメラで捉えられ、調査に重要な証拠を提供しました。
treason
[名詞]

the act of betraying one's country by rebelling against its government

反逆, 大逆罪

反逆, 大逆罪

Ex: Treason against the nation led to severe penalties under the law .国家に対する**反逆罪**は、法律の下で厳しい罰則につながった。
harassment
[名詞]

the act of subjecting someone to repeated and unwanted attacks, criticism, or other forms of harmful behavior

嫌がらせ, ハラスメント

嫌がらせ, ハラスメント

Ex: Laws have been strengthened to protect victims from harassment.被害者を **嫌がらせ** から守るために法律が強化されました。
to kidnap
[動詞]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

誘拐する, 拉致する

誘拐する, 拉致する

Ex: She was terrified when she realized that they intended to kidnap her .彼女は彼らが彼女を**誘拐**するつもりだと気づいたとき恐怖に襲われた。
vandalism
[名詞]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

破壊行為

破壊行為

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused by vandalism in the local park .ボランティアが、地元の公園で**破壊行為**によって引き起こされた被害を修復するための清掃活動を組織しました。
bribery
[名詞]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

賄賂,  汚職

賄賂, 汚職

Ex: The anti-corruption campaign aims to raise awareness about the dangers of bribery in both public and private sectors .反腐敗キャンペーンは、公共部門と民間部門の両方における**賄賂**の危険性についての認識を高めることを目的としています。
suspect
[名詞]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

容疑者

容疑者

Ex: Despite being a suspect, he insisted he was innocent until proven guilty .
murder
[名詞]

the crime of ending a person's life deliberately

殺人

殺人

Ex: The documentary explored various motives behind murder, shedding light on psychological factors involved .そのドキュメンタリーは、**殺人**の背後にある様々な動機を探り、関与する心理的要因に光を当てた。
robbery
[名詞]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

強盗, 窃盗

強盗, 窃盗

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by a robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .宝石店は昼間に**強盗**に遭い、高価な品物が盗まれた。
victim
[名詞]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

犠牲者

犠牲者

Ex: Support groups for victims of crime provide resources and a safe space to share their experiences .犯罪の**被害者**のためのサポートグループは、リソースと経験を共有する安全な空間を提供します。
accomplice
[名詞]

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

共犯者, 協力者

共犯者, 協力者

Ex: The investigators uncovered evidence linking him to the crime , establishing his role as an accomplice.調査官は彼を犯罪に関連付ける証拠を発見し、彼の役割を**共犯者**として確立しました。
blackmail
[名詞]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

恐喝, 強要

恐喝, 強要

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case of blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .警察は、地元の政治家に送られた脅迫状を含む**恐喝**の事件について調査を開始しました。
terrorism
[名詞]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

テロリズム

テロリズム

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws against terrorism to protect national security .多くの国が国家安全を守るために**テロリズム**に対する法律を強化しています。
to steal
[動詞]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

盗む, 奪う

盗む, 奪う

Ex: While we were at the party , someone was stealing valuables from the guests .私たちがパーティーにいる間、誰かがゲストから貴重品を**盗んで**いました。
to rob
[動詞]

to take something from an organization, place, etc. without their consent, or with force

奪う, 強奪する

奪う, 強奪する

Ex: The suspect was caught red-handed trying to rob a residence in the neighborhood .容疑者は近所の住居を**強盗**しようとしているところを現行犯で逮捕された。
assault
[名詞]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

暴行, 攻撃

暴行, 攻撃

Ex: The assault was captured on surveillance cameras , providing crucial evidence for the investigation .**暴行**は監視カメラで捉えられ、調査に重要な証拠を提供しました。
to murder
[動詞]

to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being

殺害する, 殺人を犯す

殺害する, 殺人を犯す

Ex: Last year , the criminal unexpectedly murdered an innocent bystander .昨年、その犯罪者は予期せず無実の傍観者を**殺害した**。
to persecute
[動詞]

to treat someone unfairly or cruelly, often because of their race, gender, religion, or beliefs

迫害する, 虐待する

迫害する, 虐待する

Ex: The group was persecuted for their unconventional lifestyle and beliefs .そのグループは、型破りな生活様式と信念のために**迫害されました**。
to defraud
[動詞]

to illegally obtain money or property from someone by tricking them

騙す, 詐欺をする

騙す, 詐欺をする

Ex: The email phishing scheme aimed to defraud recipients by tricking them into revealing personal information .電子メールフィッシングのスキームは、個人情報を開示させるように騙すことで受信者を**詐欺**することを目的としていました。
to bribe
[動詞]

to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value

賄賂を贈る, 買収する

賄賂を贈る, 買収する

Ex: The whistleblower came forward with information about a scheme to bribe public officials for construction permits .内部告発者が、建設許可を得るために公務員を**賄賂**で買収する計画について情報を提供した。
to harass
[動詞]

to subject someone to aggressive pressure or intimidation, often causing distress or discomfort

嫌がらせをする, 悩ませる

嫌がらせをする, 悩ませる

Ex: Street vendors often face challenges , including being harassed by local authorities .路上販売者は、地元当局による**嫌がらせ**を含む多くの課題に直面することが多い。

to control or influence someone cleverly for personal gain or advantage

操作する, 影響を与える

操作する, 影響を与える

Ex: The cult leader manipulated his followers into believing he had divine powers and could lead them to enlightenment .カルトのリーダーは、自分に神の力があり、彼らを悟りに導くことができると信じ込ませるために、信者を**操作した**。
to rape
[動詞]

to force someone to have sex against their will, particularly by using violence or threatening them

レイプする, 強姦する

レイプする, 強姦する

Ex: The legal system should hold accountable those who attempt to rape others .法律制度は、他人を**強姦**しようとする者を責任ある立場に置くべきです。
to commit
[動詞]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

犯す, 行う

犯す, 行う

Ex: The hacker was apprehended for committing cybercrimes , including unauthorized access to sensitive information .ハッカーは、機密情報への不正アクセスを含むサイバー犯罪を**犯した**として逮捕されました。
to terrorize
[動詞]

to force someone to act or obey by instilling intense fear, often through threats or violence

恐怖に陥れる, 威嚇する

恐怖に陥れる, 威嚇する

Ex: The criminals terrorized the shop owners into paying them for protection .犯罪者たちは店の所有者を**恐怖に陥れ**、保護料を支払わせた。
to confess
[動詞]

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

自白する, 認める

自白する, 認める

Ex: If the evidence is strong , the accused will likely confess during the trial .証拠が強ければ、被告はおそらく裁判中に**自白する**でしょう。
to vandalize
[動詞]

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

破壊する, 故意に損傷を与える

破壊する, 故意に損傷を与える

Ex: The police arrested individuals for vandalizing street signs and traffic signals .警察は、道路標識や交通信号を**破壊**した個人を逮捕しました。
IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア5)
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