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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア5) - 犯罪

ここでは、基本的なアカデミックIELTS試験に必要な犯罪に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
crime
crime
[名詞]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

犯罪,  罪

犯罪, 罪

Ex: He was convicted of a white-collar crime and sentenced to prison. 
offense
offense
[名詞]

any act that is against a law

違反, 犯罪

違反, 犯罪

Ex: The new law makes littering a punishable offense. 
theft
theft
[名詞]

the act or crime of dishonestly taking something that belongs to someone else

Ex: The police are investigating the theft of several valuable paintings. 
fraud
fraud
[名詞]

the crime or act of deliberately deceiving someone in order to gain money or an unfair advantage

詐欺

詐欺

Ex: The company is being investigated for tax fraud. 
assault
assault
[名詞]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

暴行, 攻撃

暴行, 攻撃

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of assault and sentenced him to five years in prison. 
treason
treason
[名詞]

the act of betraying one's country by rebelling against its government

反逆, 大逆罪

反逆, 大逆罪

Ex: He was charged with treason for conspiring to overthrow the government. 

彼は政府転覆を謀ったとして反逆罪で起訴された。

harassment
harassment
[名詞]

the act of subjecting someone to repeated and unwanted attacks, criticism, or other forms of harmful behavior

嫌がらせ, ハラスメント

嫌がらせ, ハラスメント

Ex: She reported her coworker for repeated harassment in the office. 

彼女はオフィスでの繰り返しの嫌がらせについて同僚を報告した。

to kidnap
to kidnap
[動詞]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

誘拐する, 拉致する

誘拐する, 拉致する

Ex: The criminals planned to kidnap the CEO's daughter for a ransom. 

犯罪者たちはCEOの娘を身代金目的で誘拐する計画を立てた。

vandalism
vandalism
[名詞]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

破壊行為

破壊行為

Ex: After the vandalism of the public library, the community came together to clean and restore the damaged areas. 

公共図書館の破壊行為の後、コミュニティは集まって損傷したエリアを清掃し、修復しました。

bribery
bribery
[名詞]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

賄賂,  汚職

賄賂, 汚職

Ex: The politician was accused of bribery after it was revealed that he accepted money to influence his decisions. 

その政治家は、自分の決定に影響を与えるために金銭を受け取ったことが明らかになった後、賄賂の罪で告発されました。

suspect
suspect
[名詞]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

容疑者

容疑者

Ex: The witness identified the suspect in a police lineup. 
murder
murder
[名詞]

the crime of ending a person's life deliberately

殺人

殺人

Ex: He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison for his actions. 
robbery
robbery
[名詞]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

強盗, 窃盗

強盗, 窃盗

Ex: The bank was the target of a robbery, with the thieves escaping with a large sum of money. 

銀行は強盗の標的となり、泥棒は多額の金を持って逃げた。

victim
victim
[名詞]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

犠牲者

犠牲者

Ex: Emergency services rushed the victim to the hospital following the car accident. 
accomplice
accomplice
[名詞]

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

共犯者, 協力者

共犯者, 協力者

Ex: The gang members were all charged as accomplices in the drug trafficking operation. 

ギャングのメンバーは全員、麻薬密売の作戦における共犯者として起訴されました。

blackmail
blackmail
[名詞]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

恐喝, 強要

恐喝, 強要

Ex: She was a victim of blackmail after someone threatened to expose her personal emails. 

彼女は、誰かが彼女の個人メールを暴露すると脅した後、恐喝の被害者になった。

terrorism
terrorism
[名詞]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

テロリズム

テロリズム

Ex: Terrorism poses a significant challenge to global security and stability. 

テロリズムは、世界的な安全と安定にとって重大な課題です。

to steal
to steal
[動詞]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

盗む, 奪う

盗む, 奪う

Ex: Last night, someone stole my bicycle from the front yard. 
to rob
to rob
[動詞]

to illegally take money or property from a person, place, or organization

Ex: Two masked men robbed the bank early Monday morning. 
assault
assault
[名詞]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

暴行, 攻撃

暴行, 攻撃

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of assault and sentenced him to five years in prison. 
to murder
to murder
[動詞]

to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being

殺害する, 殺人を犯す

殺害する, 殺人を犯す

Ex: If the crime goes unsolved, the killer will likely murder again. 
to persecute
to persecute
[動詞]

to treat someone unfairly or cruelly, often because of their race, gender, religion, or beliefs

迫害する, 虐待する

迫害する, 虐待する

Ex: The government persecuted religious minorities, restricting their rights and freedoms. 

政府は宗教的少数派を迫害し、彼らの権利と自由を制限した。

to defraud
to defraud
[動詞]

to illegally obtain money or property from someone by tricking them

騙す, 詐欺をする

騙す, 詐欺をする

Ex: The scammer defrauded unsuspecting individuals by convincing them to invest in a fraudulent scheme. 

詐欺師は、疑うことを知らない個人をだまして、詐欺的な計画に投資するよう説得しました。

to bribe
to bribe
[動詞]

to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value

賄賂を贈る, 買収する

賄賂を贈る, 買収する

Ex: Businesses were fined for attempting to bribe government officials for favorable contracts. 

企業は、有利な契約を得るために政府職員に賄賂を贈ろうとしたとして罰金を科された。

to harass
to harass
[動詞]

to subject someone to aggressive pressure or intimidation, often causing distress or discomfort

嫌がらせをする, 悩ませる

嫌がらせをする, 悩ませる

Ex: The employee filed a complaint against a coworker who continued to harass them. 

従業員は、彼を嫌がらせ続けた同僚に対して苦情を申し立てた。

to manipulate

to control or influence someone skillfully, often unfairly, so that they act as desired

操る

操る

Ex: Laura manipulated her brother into lending her the money. 
to rape
to rape
[動詞]

to force or compel someone to have sex without their consent

強姦する, 暴行する

強姦する, 暴行する

Ex: The court found him guilty of raping a woman he knew. 
to commit
to commit
[動詞]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

犯す, 行う

犯す, 行う

Ex: He was found guilty of committing embezzlement, misusing company funds for personal gain. 
to terrorize
to terrorize
[動詞]

to force someone to act or obey by instilling intense fear, often through threats or violence

恐怖に陥れる, 威嚇する

恐怖に陥れる, 威嚇する

Ex: The dictator used his army to terrorize the population into submission. 

独裁者は軍隊を使って人口を恐怖に陥れ、服従させた。

to confess
to confess
[動詞]

to admit that one has committed a crime or done something wrong

告白する,  自白する

告白する, 自白する

Ex: The suspect eventually confessed to the robbery. 
to vandalize
to vandalize
[動詞]

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

破壊する, 故意に損傷を与える

破壊する, 故意に損傷を与える

Ex: The park was closed temporarily for repairs after vandals had vandalized the playground equipment. 

公園は、破壊者が遊具を破壊した後、修理のために一時的に閉鎖されました。

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