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ACT 科学 - Zoology

ここでは、"幼虫"、"爪"、"有蹄類"など、ACTを突破するのに役立つ動物学に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
to incubate
[動詞]

to keep an egg in a favorable condition to help it develop until it hatches

孵化する, 温める

孵化する, 温める

Ex: Birds of prey like eagles build large nests where they incubate their eggs and raise their chicks .ワシのような猛禽類は、卵を**孵化させ**、ひなを育てる大きな巣を作ります。
to hatch
[動詞]

(of birds, fish, etc.) to come out of an egg

孵化する

孵化する

Ex: The ornithologist documented the rare event of the eagle chicks hatching in the nest high up in the tree .鳥類学者は、木の高いところにある巣でワシのひなが**孵化する**珍しい出来事を記録した。
clutch size
[名詞]

the number of eggs or offspring produced by a single reproductive effort, typically by a bird, reptile, or insect

クラッチサイズ, 一度の産卵での卵の数

クラッチサイズ, 一度の産卵での卵の数

invertebrate
[形容詞]

(of an animal) lacking a spinal column or notochord

無脊椎の, 脊椎がない

無脊椎の, 脊椎がない

marine
[形容詞]

related to the sea and the different life forms that exist there

海洋の

海洋の

Ex: Marine biology focuses on studying the organisms and environments of the ocean .**海洋**生物学は、海洋の生物と環境の研究に焦点を当てています。
mammal
[名詞]

a class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young

哺乳類, 哺乳動物

哺乳類, 哺乳動物

Ex: Humans are classified as mammals because they nurse their young .人間は、子供に母乳を与えるため、**哺乳類**に分類されます。
amphibian
[名詞]

any cold-blooded animal with the ability to live both on land and in water, such as toads, frogs, etc.

両生類,  amphibian

両生類, amphibian

Ex: Some amphibians, such as the African clawed frog , are commonly kept as pets in home aquariums .アフリカツメガエルのような一部の**両生類**は、家庭の水槽でペットとして一般的に飼われています。
rodent
[名詞]

any small mammal with a pair of strong front teeth, such as mice, hamsters, rats, etc.

齧歯類, 齧歯類

齧歯類, 齧歯類

Ex: Porcupines , although not commonly thought of as rodents , are classified in the rodent family and are known for their quills used as defense mechanisms .**齧歯類**、一般的にはそう考えられていませんが、ヤマアラシは齧歯類の家族に分類され、防御機構として使用される針で知られています。
primate
[名詞]

any mammalian animal that belongs to the same group as humans, such as monkeys, apes, lemurs, etc.

霊長類, 猿

霊長類, 猿

feline
[名詞]

any animal in the cat family

猫科の動物, 猫

猫科の動物, 猫

Ex: The zoo exhibited various felines, including cheetahs and leopards .動物園は、チーターやヒョウを含むさまざまな**ネコ科**の動物を展示しました。
reptile
[名詞]

a class of animals to which crocodiles, lizards, etc. belong, characterized by having cold blood and scaly skin

爬虫類, 冷血動物

爬虫類, 冷血動物

Ex: Reptiles are cold-blooded and rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature .**爬虫類**は冷血動物で、体温を調節するために外部の熱源に依存しています。
arachnid
[名詞]

a class of terrestrial arthropods that breathe air and have four pairs of limbs, such as spiders, scorpions, etc.

クモ形類

クモ形類

ungulate
[名詞]

a hoofed mammal, typically herbivorous, which includes animals such as horses, cows, deer, and elephants

有蹄類, 有蹄動物

有蹄類, 有蹄動物

Ex: Conservationists are working to protect endangered ungulates from habitat loss and poaching .保護活動家は、生息地の喪失や密猟から絶滅の危機に瀕している**有蹄類**を保護するために取り組んでいます。
waterfowl
[名詞]

any aquatic bird, especially a game bird of fresh waters

水鳥, 水禽

水鳥, 水禽

hawkmoth
[名詞]

a type of moth belonging to the family Sphingidae, known for their rapid flight and ability to hover while feeding on nectar from flowers

スズメガ, ホークモス

スズメガ, ホークモス

Ex: The caterpillar of the hawkmoth eventually pupates into a swift and agile adult moth .**スズメガ**の幼虫は、最終的には速くて敏捷な成虫の蛾になります。
nematode
[名詞]

any long and cylindrical worm with a segmented body that is either parasitic or free-living

線虫, 円形動物

線虫, 円形動物

oyster
[名詞]

a type of shellfish that can be eaten both raw and cooked, some of which contain pearls inside

カキ, 食用カキ

カキ, 食用カキ

Ex: She found a beautiful pearl inside the oyster she was eating at the beach .彼女はビーチで食べていた**カキ**の中から美しい真珠を見つけた。
seabird
[名詞]

a bird that lives near the sea

海鳥, 海の近くに住む鳥

海鳥, 海の近くに住む鳥

crustacean
[名詞]

a sea creature with a hard shell and jointed legs such as crabs and lobsters

甲殻類, 甲殻類

甲殻類, 甲殻類

Ex: During our nature hike , we found an interesting crustacean, a small freshwater crayfish , in the stream .自然散策中、私たちは小川で面白い**甲殻類**、小さな淡水ザリガニを見つけました。
monotreme
[名詞]

any mammal that lays eggs and is only found in Australia, such as platypus

単孔類, 卵を産む哺乳類

単孔類, 卵を産む哺乳類

arthropod
[名詞]

an invertebrate animal with a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton, such as a spider, crab, etc.

節足動物, アースロポッド

節足動物, アースロポッド

Ex: Arthropods molt their exoskeletons as they grow larger .**節足動物**は成長するにつれて外骨格を脱ぎます。
magpie
[名詞]

a black-and-white crow with a long tail that is noted for its intelligence

カササギ, 鵲

カササギ, 鵲

locust
[名詞]

a large grasshopper that lives in hot countries and flies in large swarms, destroying crops

バッタ, イナゴ

バッタ, イナゴ

barnacle
[名詞]

a marine arthropod with an external shell that attaches itself to a surface and feeds on particles that are in the water

フジツボ, カメノテ

フジツボ, カメノテ

macaque
[名詞]

a type of monkey that belongs to the Old World monkey family, characterized by their long tails, cheek pouches

マカク

マカク

hominid
[名詞]

a member of the biological family Hominidae, which includes humans, their ancestors, and other great apes like chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans

ヒト科, ヒト科の一員

ヒト科, ヒト科の一員

Ex: The discovery of a new hominid species has sparked excitement in the scientific community .新しい**ヒト科**の種の発見が科学界に興奮をもたらしました。
echidna
[名詞]

a small egg-laying mammal that is covered in spines, has a pointed snout and originates from Australia

ハリモグラ, エキドナ

ハリモグラ, エキドナ

beaver
[名詞]

a semiaquatic rodent with a wide tail and strong teeth that builds dams across streams and is mainly found in the Northern hemisphere

ビーバー, 海狸

ビーバー, 海狸

simian
[形容詞]

of or relating to monkeys or apes

猿の, 猿のような

猿の, 猿のような

Ex: A genetic mutation resulted in simian-like facial features in the newborn baby, prompting further study by medical researchers.遺伝子変異により、新生児に**サルのような**顔の特徴が現れ、医学研究者によるさらなる研究を促した。
orca
[名詞]

a large, black-and-white marine mammal known for its social behavior, intelligence, and adaptability, found in oceans worldwide and known as an apex predator

シャチ, 殺し屋クジラ

シャチ, 殺し屋クジラ

Ex: Tourists aboard the whale-watching boat gasped in awe as a pod of orcas swam alongside, their sleek forms slicing effortlessly through the waves.ホエールウォッチングボートに乗った観光客は、一群の**シャチ**が横を泳ぎ、その流線形の体が波を簡単に切り裂いていくのを見て息をのんだ。
mollusk
[名詞]

any invertebrate that lives in aquatic or damp habitats and has a soft unsegmented body, often covered with a shell

軟体動物, 貝殻

軟体動物, 貝殻

Ex: Some mollusks, like snails , move slowly using a muscular foot .カタツムリのような一部の**軟体動物**は、筋肉質の足を使ってゆっくりと移動します。
canine
[名詞]

a member of the dog family, including domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, and related animals

犬, イヌ科の動物

犬, イヌ科の動物

Ex: Wolves , a wild canine species , exhibit complex social structures and hunting strategies that fascinate wildlife biologists .
plover
[名詞]

a small shorebird with a short hard-tipped bill and a stout build

チドリ, シギ

チドリ, シギ

quail
[名詞]

a small ground-dwelling bird of passage with brownish plumage that has a short tail and is hunted by people

ウズラ, 渡り鳥

ウズラ, 渡り鳥

sea urchin
[名詞]

a small marine animal that is covered with spines and has a round shell, harvested for food

ウニ, 海胆

ウニ, 海胆

tanager
[名詞]

a colorful bird species found in the Americas, known for its vibrant plumage, melodious songs, and important ecological role in seed dispersal

タナガー, アメリカの色彩豊かな鳥

タナガー, アメリカの色彩豊かな鳥

skunk
[名詞]

a small mammal belonging to the weasel family with black and white stripes that can produce a strong unpleasant smell when attacked, native to North America

スカンク, 臭い動物

スカンク, 臭い動物

Ex: With a mischievous glint in its eyes , the baby skunk played with its siblings , chasing after insects in the tall grass .いたずらっぽい輝きを目に浮かべながら、赤ちゃん**スカンク**は兄弟たちと遊び、背の高い草の中で昆虫を追いかけました。
porcupine
[名詞]

an animal with sharp needle-like parts on its body and tail, used for protection

ヤマアラシ, 針ねずみ

ヤマアラシ, 針ねずみ

Ex: Porcupines are primarily nocturnal animals, venturing out at night to forage for food and avoid predators.**ヤマアラシ**は主に夜行性の動物で、夜に餌を探しに出かけ、捕食者を避けます。
quill
[名詞]

a sharp, stiff, hollow spine found on the body of porcupines or hedgehogs, serving as a defensive mechanism against predators

針, 背骨の棘

針, 背骨の棘

replete
[名詞]

a specialized caste of social insects, such as ants or termites, that are engorged with food and serve as living food storage units within the colony

リプリート, 生きた貯蔵庫

リプリート, 生きた貯蔵庫

palomino
[名詞]

a cream or golden horse with a white tail and mane

パロミノ, パロミノ馬

パロミノ, パロミノ馬

a large marine mammal known for its distinctive appearance, acrobatic behavior, and complex songs

座頭鯨, ザトウクジラ

座頭鯨, ザトウクジラ

proboscis
[名詞]

a long, tubular feeding organ found in many insects, such as butterflies, moths, and flies, which is used to suck up nectar, other liquids, or in some cases, blood

吻, プロボスキス

吻, プロボスキス

talon
[名詞]

a long, sharp nail on the foot of some birds, especially birds of prey

爪,  鉤爪

爪, 鉤爪

snout
[名詞]

the long and protruding facial part of an animal which comprises its nose and mouth, especially in a mammal

鼻口部, 鼻

鼻口部, 鼻

clamshell
[名詞]

the bivalve shell of a clam, characterized by two symmetrical halves that hinge together

二枚貝の殻, 貝殻

二枚貝の殻, 貝殻

Ex: The scientist examined the growth rings on the clamshell to determine its age .科学者は、その年齢を決定するために、**貝殻**の成長輪を調べました。
appendage
[名詞]

any external body part that protrudes from an organism's main body, often used to describe limbs, antennae, or other structures

付属肢, 肢

付属肢, 肢

Ex: Amphibians often have webbed appendages that aid in swimming and catching prey .両生類はしばしば水かきのある**付属肢**を持ち、泳ぎや獲物を捕まえるのを助けます。
tentacle
[名詞]

any of the various flexible limbs of an animal, especially an invertebrate, which enable it to move or hold things

触手, 付属肢

触手, 付属肢

tail fin
[名詞]

the posterior part of a fish or aquatic animal's body, composed of fins that provide propulsion and maneuverability

尾びれ, 魚の尾

尾びれ, 魚の尾

Ex: Marine biologists study the anatomy of tail fins to understand how different species navigate underwater .海洋生物学者は、さまざまな種が水中でどのように移動するかを理解するために**尾びれ**の解剖学を研究します。

the biological ability of certain organisms to perceive and orient themselves based on the Earth's magnetic field

磁気受容, 磁気感知

磁気受容, 磁気感知

the biological ability of certain animals to detect electrical fields in their environment to locate prey, navigate, and communicate

電気受容, 電気検知

電気受容, 電気検知

migratory
[形容詞]

(of animals or birds) moving from one place to another, often with the changing seasons

渡りの, 移動性の

渡りの, 移動性の

Ex: The conservation efforts aim to protect the habitats of endangered migratory fish species.保全活動は、絶滅の危機に瀕している**回遊性**の魚種の生息地を保護することを目的としています。
to pupate
[動詞]

to transform from the larval stage into a pupa during an insect's development

蛹化する, さなぎになる

蛹化する, さなぎになる

Ex: The biologist monitored how environmental conditions affected the time it took for the larvae to pupate.生物学者は、環境条件が幼虫の**蛹化**にかかる時間にどのように影響するかを監視しました。
larval
[形容詞]

relating to or characteristic of the larva stage, which is an early, immature form of an animal that undergoes metamorphosis

幼虫の, 幼虫に関連する

幼虫の, 幼虫に関連する

Ex: The larval mosquitoes thrive in standing water before maturing into adults.**幼虫**の蚊は、成虫になる前に溜まった水の中で繁殖します。
to breed
[動詞]

(of an animal) to have sex and give birth to young

繁殖する, 増殖する

繁殖する, 増殖する

Ex: Certain fish species display vibrant colors and perform elaborate courtship rituals before breeding.特定の魚種は、鮮やかな色を表示し、繁殖する前に精巧な求愛儀式を行います。

a biological process in which an animal undergoes a significant change in form and structure during its life cycle, typically seen in insects, amphibians, and other animals

変態, 変身

変態, 変身

Ex: The process of metamorphosis in amphibians includes changes in the respiratory system from gills to lungs .両生類における**変態**の過程には、呼吸器系のえらから肺への変化が含まれます。

a scientist who specializes in the study of birds, including their behavior, ecology, and evolution

鳥類学者

鳥類学者

Ex: The ornithologist's fieldwork took her to remote rainforests .**鳥類学者**の野外調査は彼女を遠隔の熱帯雨林に連れて行った。

a scientist who studies reptiles and amphibians

爬虫両生類学者, 爬虫類と両生類を研究する科学者

爬虫両生類学者, 爬虫類と両生類を研究する科学者

Ex: The herpetologist published a comprehensive guide on the amphibians of North America .**爬虫類学者**は北米の両生類に関する包括的なガイドを出版した。
entomologist
[名詞]

a scientist who specializes in the study of insects, including their behavior, ecology, and classification

昆虫学者

昆虫学者

Ex: The entomologist's book became a valuable resource for insect enthusiasts .**昆虫学者**の本は、昆虫愛好家にとって貴重な資料となりました。
ACT 科学
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