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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic - テスト1 - 読解 - パッセージ2

Cambridge IELTS 16 Academic、Test 1 Reading Passage 2から語彙を学び、このリーディング本文の役立つ単語や表現を復習しましょう。

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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic
heading
heading
[名詞]

a short title placed above a section of text to indicate what it is about

見出し,  表題

見出し, 表題

Ex: Write your name under the appropriate heading. 
artifact
artifact
[名詞]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

人工遺物, 人造物

人工遺物, 人造物

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 

石器や投射体の先端などの初期の道具作りの遺物は、旧石器時代の人類の創意工夫と機転を示しています。

pyramid
pyramid
[名詞]

a stone monument built in ancient Egypt usually as a tomb for the pharaohs, which has a triangular or square base that slopes up to the top

ピラミッド, ピラミッド型記念碑

ピラミッド, ピラミッド型記念碑

Ex: Tourists flock to see the ancient pyramids in Egypt. 

観光客はエジプトの古代ピラミッドを見るために集まります。

certainty
certainty
[名詞]

a fact or event that is certain to be true or happen

確実なこと,  確実なこと

確実なこと, 確実なこと

Ex: Change is one of the few certainties in life. 
definite
definite
[形容詞]

expressed with clarity and precision, leaving no doubt as to the meaning or intention

明確な, はっきりした

明確な, はっきりした

Ex: I needed a definite answer from my boss so I could plan my work for the coming month without uncertainty. 
overview
overview
[名詞]

a broad, general summary that covers the main aspects or features of a subject

概要, 概観

概要, 概観

Ex: The report provided an overview of the company's financial performance for the year. 

その報告書は、その年の会社の財務実績の概要を提供した。

external
external
[形容詞]

related to the outer layer or structure of something

外部の, 外側の

外部の, 外側の

Ex: The external appearance of the building was impressive, with its modern architecture and sleek design. 
burial
burial
[名詞]

the act of burying a dead body or the ceremony in which a dead body is buried

埋葬, 葬式

埋葬, 葬式

Ex: The burial took place at sunset in the family cemetery. 
remains
remains
[名詞]

surviving parts or traces of buildings, objects, or other things from the distant past

遺跡,  残骸

遺跡, 残骸

Ex: Archaeologists uncovered the remains of an ancient settlement. 
monument
monument
[名詞]

a structure, statue, or other object built to commemorate a person or important event

Ex: The city erected a monument to the soldiers who died in the war. 
enormous
enormous
[形容詞]

extremely large in physical dimensions

巨大な, 莫大な

巨大な, 莫大な

Ex: The enormous elephant towered over the other animals at the zoo. 

巨大な象が動物園の他の動物たちを見下ろしていた。

grand
grand
[形容詞]

magnificent in size and appearance

壮大な, 素晴らしい

壮大な, 素晴らしい

Ex: They attended a grand banquet in a massive dining hall. 
tribute
tribute
[名詞]

something said, done, or given to show respect, admiration, or gratitude

賛辞,  オマージュ

賛辞, オマージュ

Ex: The concert was organized as a tribute to the late singer. 
dynasty
dynasty
[名詞]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

王朝

王朝

Ex: Historians study the rise and fall of various dynasties to understand political changes over time. 

歴史家は、時間の経過とともに政治的な変化を理解するために、さまざまな王朝の興亡を研究します。

reign
reign
[名詞]

the period during which a particular monarch rules

治世

治世

Ex: The palace was built during the king's reign. 
tomb
tomb
[名詞]

an overground or underground grave that is large in size and is often made of stone

墓, 墳墓

墓, 墳墓

Ex: The tomb was sealed to protect the remains inside from damage. 

墓は内部の遺体を損傷から守るために封印されました。

passage
passage
[名詞]

a route, path, or corridor that allows movement from one place to another

通路, 廊下

通路, 廊下

Ex: They cleared the passage through the dense forest. 
deceased
deceased
[形容詞]

referring to a person who has recently died

故人, 亡くなった

故人, 亡くなった

Ex: The deceased man's family members gathered to mourn his passing at the funeral. 

亡くなった男性の家族は、葬式で彼の死を悼むために集まりました。

official
official
[名詞]

a person who holds a position of authority or responsibility in an organization or government

役人, 公務員

役人, 公務員

Ex: The government appointed a new official to oversee the program. 
to conceive
to conceive
[動詞]

to form or develop an idea, plan, or concept in the mind

思いつく,  着想する

思いつく, 着想する

Ex: Maya conceived the idea for the app while traveling across Europe. 
to stack
to stack
[動詞]

to arrange things in an orderly pile, one on top of another

Ex: Daniel stacked the boxes neatly against the wall. 
slab
slab
[名詞]

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

スラブ, 板

スラブ, 板

scholar
scholar
[名詞]

a person who has extensive knowledge of or conducts serious study in a particular academic subject

Ex: Emma is a respected scholar of medieval history. 
to attribute
to attribute
[動詞]

to relate or assign a feature or quality to something or someone

帰属させる, 割り当てる

帰属させる, 割り当てる

Ex: With its awe-inspiring architecture and rich cultural heritage, the city is often attributed with a vibrant and diverse cultural scene. 
to owe
to owe
[動詞]

to carry a sense of gratitude, recognition, or indebtedness toward someone or something for intellectual or abstract contributions

恩に着る, 感謝を感じる

恩に着る, 感謝を感じる

Ex: She owes her leadership skills to the inspiring mentors who instilled confidence and provided guidance. 
to pile
to pile
[動詞]

to lay things on top of each other

積み重ねる, 山積みにする

積み重ねる, 山積みにする

Ex: Can you pile the dirty laundry in the hamper for washing? 
mass
mass
[名詞]

something great in size, volume, or magnitude

質量, 体積

質量, 体積

Ex: A mass of data must be analyzed before drawing conclusions. 
inward
inward
[形容詞]

directed or moving toward the inside or center

内側の, 内側に向かう

内側の, 内側に向かう

Ex: The inward motion of the door indicates someone entering the room. 

ドアの内側への動きは、誰かが部屋に入ってくることを示しています。

incline
incline
[名詞]

an inclined surface connecting two levels

傾斜, 斜面

傾斜, 斜面

temple
temple
[名詞]

a building used for religious worship, especially in religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism

Ex: The tourists visited an ancient Hindu temple. 
courtyard
courtyard
[名詞]

an area with no roof that is partially or completely surrounded by walls, often forming a part of a large building

中庭, 庭園

中庭, 庭園

Ex: The children played in the courtyard, enjoying the fresh air and sunshine. 

子供たちは中庭で遊び、新鮮な空気と日光を楽しんだ。

shrine
shrine
[名詞]

a place or building for people to pray in, which is considered holy by many due to its connection with a sacred person, event, or object

神社, 巡礼地

神社, 巡礼地

Ex: Pilgrims from around the world visit the shrine to pay their respects and seek blessings. 

世界中からの巡礼者が敬意を表し、祝福を求めて聖地を訪れます。

living quarters

housing available for people to live in

居住区, 住居

居住区, 住居

trench
trench
[名詞]

a deep, narrow, steep-sided depression on the ocean floor

海溝, 海の溝

海溝, 海の溝

Ex: The Mariana Trench is the deepest known part of the ocean. 

マリアナ海溝は、海洋で最も深い既知の部分です。

to incorporate

to include something as part of a larger whole or system

組み込む, 統合する

組み込む, 統合する

Ex: The revised policy will incorporate suggestions from employees for improvement. 
in advance
in advance
[副詞]

prior to a particular time or event

事前に, 前もって

事前に, 前もって

Ex: Please let us know in advance if you plan to attend the meeting. 

会議に出席する予定がある場合は、事前にお知らせください。

accomplishment

a desired and impressive goal achieved through hard work

達成, 業績

達成, 業績

Ex: Graduating with honors was a significant accomplishment for Sarah after years of dedicated study. 

何年もの献身的な勉強の末、優秀な成績で卒業することはサラにとって重要な成果でした。

maze
maze
[名詞]

a confusing network of paths separated by bushes or walls, designed in a way that confuses the people who pass through

迷路, 複雑な経路のネットワーク

迷路, 複雑な経路のネットワーク

Ex: The maze on the puzzle page was so difficult that it took me a while to finish it. 

パズルページの迷路はとても難しく、完成するのに時間がかかりました。

vessel
vessel
[名詞]

a container, especially one used for holding liquids

容器,  器

容器, 器

Ex: The archaeologists discovered an ancient drinking vessel. 
storeroom
storeroom
[名詞]

a room where things are kept while they are not needed or used

物置, 倉庫

物置, 倉庫

Ex: The janitor keeps cleaning supplies in the storeroom. 

管理人は清掃用品を物置に保管しています。

to inscribe
to inscribe
[動詞]

to mark or engrave a surface with a design or pattern, typically to create a lasting impression or decoration

刻む, 記入する

刻む, 記入する

Ex: Next week, the jeweler will inscribe the couple's wedding rings with their initials and wedding date. 

来週、宝石商はカップルの結婚指輪に彼らのイニシャルと結婚式の日付を刻みます。

to represent
to represent
[動詞]

to serve as an instance that embodies the characteristics, qualities, or traits associated with a particular category or concept

代表する, 象徴する

代表する, 象徴する

Ex: The classic novel can be said to represent the ideals and societal norms of the time in which it was written. 
to excavate
to excavate
[動詞]

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

発掘する, 掘り出す

発掘する, 掘り出す

Ex: The archaeologists excavated the ruins of an old castle, revealing hidden chambers and artifacts. 

考古学者たちは古い城の遺跡を発掘し、隠された部屋や遺物を明らかにしました。

predecessor
predecessor
[名詞]

a person who held a particular job, position, or office before the current holder

前任者,  先任者

前任者, 先任者

Ex: Emma's predecessor had held the position for ten years. 
to dump
to dump
[動詞]

to put or drop something somewhere in a rough, careless, or sudden way

どさっと置く,  投げ出す

どさっと置く, 投げ出す

Ex: Daniel dumped his bags on the floor. 
shaft
shaft
[名詞]

a deep, narrow, usually vertical or sloping passage extending into the ground, especially in a mine

立て坑,  坑道

立て坑, 坑道

Ex: The miners descended into the shaft before sunrise. 
precaution
precaution
[名詞]

an act done to prevent something unpleasant or bad from happening

予防策, 予防措置

予防策, 予防措置

Ex: As a precaution against theft, he installed security cameras around his home. 

盗難に対する予防策として、彼は家の周りに防犯カメラを設置しました。

intricate
intricate
[形容詞]

having many complex parts or details that make it difficult to understand or work with

複雑な, 詳細な

複雑な, 詳細な

Ex: The intricate design of the watch included tiny gears and delicate engravings. 

時計の複雑なデザインには、小さな歯車と繊細な彫刻が含まれていました。

to overlook
to overlook
[動詞]

to fail to notice, see, or consider something

見落とす, 見逃す

見落とす, 見逃す

Ex: I overlooked a small error in the final report. 
to astonish
to astonish
[動詞]

to impress or surprise someone very much

驚かせる, びっくりさせる

驚かせる, びっくりさせる

Ex: The magician's incredible tricks astonished the audience. 

魔法使いの信じられないようなトリックは観客を驚かせた。

to amaze
to amaze
[動詞]

to greatly surprise someone

驚かす, 感嘆させる

驚かす, 感嘆させる

Ex: Her artistic talent never failed to amaze her friends. 

彼女の芸術的才能は、友人たちを驚かせることなくなることはなかった。

egyptologist
egyptologist
[名詞]

an archeologist who specializes in Egyptology

エジプト学者, エジプト学の専門家

エジプト学者, エジプト学の専門家

to constitute

to contribute to the structure or makeup of something

構成する, 形成する

構成する, 形成する

Ex: The unique combination of flavors and textures in this dish constitutes its distinctive taste. 
milestone
milestone
[名詞]

an event or stage that has a very important impact on the progress of something

画期的な出来事, 節目

画期的な出来事, 節目

Ex: Graduating from college was a major milestone in her life. 

大学を卒業することは、彼女の人生における大きな節目でした。

archetype
archetype
[名詞]

someone or something serving as the very typical example of a thing or person

原型, 模範

原型, 模範

surroundings
surroundings
[名詞]

the place and things that are around someone or something

環境, 周囲

環境, 周囲

Ex: She looked around at her unfamiliar surroundings. 
accommodation

a place where people live, stay, or work in

宿泊施設, 住居

宿泊施設, 住居

Ex: She booked her accommodation in advance to ensure she had a comfortable place to stay during her vacation. 

彼女は休暇中に快適な場所に滞在できるように、事前に宿泊施設を予約しました。

to occupy
to occupy
[動詞]

to take up, cover, or use the entire space or extent of something

占める, 満たす

占める, 満たす

Ex: The massive painting was meant to occupy the entire gallery wall. 
to encircle
to encircle
[動詞]

to create a circular shape around someone or something

取り囲む, 包囲する

取り囲む, 包囲する

Ex: The children encircled the storyteller during storytime. 

子供たちはストーリータイム中に語り手を囲んだ。

to appreciate

to be thankful for something

感謝する, ありがたく思う

感謝する, ありがたく思う

Ex: The community appreciated the efforts of volunteers who cleaned up the park. 
possession
possession
[名詞]

(usually plural) anything that a person has or owns at a specific time

所有物, 財産

所有物, 財産

Ex: His possessions included a vintage record player, a collection of antique books, and a cherished family heirloom. 
to criticize
to criticize
[動詞]

to evaluate or discuss the merits and faults of a work, idea, or performance

批評する,  論評する

批評する, 論評する

Ex: The class was asked to criticize two poems from different periods. 
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