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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Социальное Неравенство и Основные Проблемы

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
rundown
rundown
[прилагательное]

(of a place or building) in a very poor condition, often due to negligence

полуразрушенный

полуразрушенный

Ex: The old rundown hotel was in desperate need of repairs. 
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illiteracy
illiteracy
[существительное]

the inability to read and write

неграмотность

неграмотность

Ex: Adult illiteracy in the region made it difficult for residents to complete official forms. 
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homeless
homeless
[существительное]

people who lack stable housing and so live on the streets

бездомность

бездомность

Ex: The organization provides support services for the homeless in the area. 
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disorder
disorder
[существительное]

conduct that causes public unrest

беспорядки, хаос

беспорядки, хаос

Ex: Police were called after the bar fight escalated into disorder in the street. 
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to [breed] crime
to breed crime
[фраза]

to cause or increase the occurrence of criminal activity, often by creating conditions that encourage it

Ex: Poverty and lack of education can breed crime. 
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unfit
unfit
[прилагательное]

not suitable or capable enough for a specific task or purpose

непригодный, неспособный

непригодный, неспособный

Ex: The old shoes were unfit for hiking, lacking proper traction and support. 
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street child
street child
[существительное]

a child for whom the street is the habitual place of residence or primary source of livelihood

беспризорник, ребёнок улицы

беспризорник, ребёнок улицы

Ex: The NGO operates day centers where a street child can get a meal, a wash, and basic medical care. 
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poverty line
poverty line
[существительное]

an officially recognized income threshold that separates those considered to have sufficient resources from those judged to lack the minimum income needed to meet basic needs

черта бедности, порог бедности

черта бедности, порог бедности

Ex: The family's income fell below the poverty line after the primary earner lost his job. 
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to incite
to incite
[глагол]

to encourage someone to commit a crime or act violently

подстрекать

подстрекать

Ex: His reckless speech seemed to incite violence among the protesters. 
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famine
famine
[существительное]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

голод

голод

Ex: Many children were orphaned as a result of the famine. 
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destitute
destitute
[прилагательное]

lacking essential non-material needs, such as support, love, or community

лишенный

лишенный

Ex: Modern society is destitute of genuine community bonds. 
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the margin of society

the social or economic edge of a community, where individuals or groups are excluded from full participation or opportunity

Ex: Many live on the margin of society without access to basic services. 
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penury
penury
[существительное]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

нищета, нужда

нищета, нужда

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
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to [sleep] rough
to sleep rough
[фраза]

to sleep outdoors or in a place that is not intended for accommodation, such as on the streets or in a park, usually without proper bedding or shelter

спать в неудобных условиях

спать в неудобных условиях

Ex: He often sleeps rough when he can't find a place to stay, 
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riot
riot
[существительное]

a situation when a group of people behave violently, particularly as a protest

беспорядки

беспорядки

Ex: A peaceful demonstration turned into a violent riot after clashes broke out between protesters and counter-protesters. 
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to erupt
to erupt
[глагол]

to suddenly and dramatically start, often in a surprising or intense way

вспыхнуть

вспыхнуть

Ex: The argument erupted out of nowhere, catching everyone off guard. 
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social exclusion
social exclusion
[фраза]

the state of being shut out from full participation in society due to poverty, discrimination, or lack of access to services, rights, or opportunities

Ex: The program aims to reduce social exclusion in urban areas. 
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antisocial
antisocial
[прилагательное]

hostile toward accepted social standards, laws, or communal order

антисоциальный, асоциальный

антисоциальный, асоциальный

Ex: The vandals' antisocial behavior damaged several storefronts and alarmed nearby residents. 
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the breadline
the breadline
[существительное]

an informal threshold of income that marks the level at which a person or household is regarded as very poor or barely able to afford basic necessities

черта бедности, прожиточный минимум

черта бедности, прожиточный минимум

Ex: Many families are living below the breadline. 
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to [live] from hand to mouth

to survive with just enough money or resources to meet immediate needs, without saving or planning for the future

Ex: Many families are forced to live from hand to mouth. 
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congestion
congestion
[существительное]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

Дорожный затор

Дорожный затор

Ex: There was heavy congestion on the highway during rush hour. 
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gridlock
gridlock
[существительное]

a situation in which traffic is so heavily congested that movement is virtually impossible

затор

затор

Ex: The city center was in complete gridlock after the accident blocked all lanes. 
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deprived
deprived
[прилагательное]

lacking the basic necessities of life

обездоленный, неимущий

обездоленный, неимущий

Ex: The deprived children lacked access to proper nutrition and education. 
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prejudiced
prejudiced
[прилагательное]

holding opinions or judgments influenced by personal bias rather than objective reasoning

предвзятый, расположенный

предвзятый, расположенный

Ex: His review was prejudiced, favoring his friend's work unfairly. 
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unrest
unrest
[существительное]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

беспорядки, волнения

беспорядки, волнения

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 
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black spot
black spot
[существительное]

a physical location known for frequent danger, accidents, or problems

черное пятно, опасная зона

черное пятно, опасная зона

Ex: That intersection is a black spot for crashes. 
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