剑桥英语：CAE（C1高级） - 社会劣势与核心问题

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rundown [形容词]

破旧的

Ex:

他们决定不买那座破败的房子，因为它的状况太糟糕了。

illiteracy [名词]

文盲

Ex: The charity focuses on preventing illiteracy by training volunteer tutors .

该慈善机构专注于通过培训志愿者导师来预防文盲。

homeless [名词]

无家可归者

Ex:

她组织了一场筹款活动，以提高对无家可归者的认识。

disorder [名词]

骚乱

Ex: The mayor condemned the disorder that followed the cancelled rally and promised a full investigation .

市长谴责了取消集会后发生的骚乱，并承诺进行全面调查。

to [breed] crime [短语]

to cause or increase the occurrence of criminal activity, often by creating conditions that encourage it

Ex:

unfit [形容词]

不适合

Ex: The old shoes were unfit for hiking , lacking proper traction and support .

旧鞋子不适合徒步旅行，缺乏适当的牵引力和支撑。

street child [名词]

街头儿童

Ex: Police and social workers recorded the locations where each street child usually slept to plan outreach services .

街头儿童

poverty line [名词]

贫困线

Ex: Policymakers raised the eligibility ceiling so more households just above the poverty line could receive aid .

政策制定者提高了资格上限，以便更多略高于贫困线的家庭能够获得援助。

to incite [动词]

煽动

Ex: They were arrested for inciting a rebellion against the government .

他们因煽动反对政府的叛乱而被捕。

famine [名词]

饥荒

Ex: Many farmers lost their livestock during the famine .

许多农民在饥荒期间失去了他们的牲畜。

destitute [形容词]

lacking essential non-material needs, such as support, love, or community

Ex:

the margin of society [短语]

the social or economic edge of a community, where individuals or groups are excluded from full participation or opportunity

Ex:

penury [名词]

贫困

Ex: The novel portrays the harsh reality of life in penury .

小说描绘了生活在赤贫中的严酷现实。

to [sleep] rough [短语]

to sleep outdoors or in a place that is not intended for accommodation, such as on the streets or in a park, usually without proper bedding or shelter

Ex: I have slept rough a few times in my life , but I always try to avoid it .

riot [名词]

暴乱

Ex: The city imposed a curfew to prevent further riots and maintain public safety .

该市实施了宵禁，以防止进一步的骚乱并维护公共安全。

to erupt [动词]

爆发

Ex: The protest erupted in the streets after the controversial decision was made .

在有争议的决定做出后，抗议活动在街头爆发。

social exclusion [短语]

the state of being shut out from full participation in society due to poverty, discrimination, or lack of access to services, rights, or opportunities

Ex:

antisocial [形容词]

反社会的

Ex: Lawmakers debated tougher penalties for antisocial acts that endanger public safety .

立法者们讨论了针对危害公共安全的反社会行为实施更严厉处罚。

the breadline [名词]

贫困线

Ex: Economists argued that the official measure underestimated the number of households actually on the breadline .

经济学家认为，官方衡量标准低估了实际处于贫困线的家庭数量。

to [live] from hand to mouth [短语]

to survive with just enough money or resources to meet immediate needs, without saving or planning for the future

Ex:

congestion [名词]

拥堵

Ex: The congestion in the city center made it difficult to find parking .

市中心的拥堵使得很难找到停车位。

gridlock [名词]

交通堵塞

Ex: We sat in gridlock for over an hour , unable to move an inch .

我们在交通堵塞中坐了一个多小时，寸步难行。

deprived [形容词]

贫困的

Ex: Growing up in a deprived neighborhood , she faced numerous challenges in pursuing her education .

在一个贫困的社区长大，她在追求教育的过程中面临了许多挑战。

prejudiced [形容词]

有偏见的

Ex: The article seemed prejudiced , ignoring opposing viewpoints .

这篇文章似乎有偏见，忽略了相反的观点。

unrest [名词]

动荡

Ex: Economic hardships led to increasing unrest among the population .

经济困难导致了民众中不断增加的动荡。

black spot [名词]

黑点

Ex: Local news highlighted five new traffic black spots .

当地新闻突出了五个新的交通黑点。

剑桥英语：CAE（C1高级）
生态原则与保护	污染、废物与人类影响	能源、资源与环境活动	物理学与物质状态
化学与材料过程	生物学、遗传学与生命过程	艺术形式与创作过程	艺术场景
体育	医疗实践与治疗方法	疾病、伤害与特定状况	一般健康与医疗系统
社会劣势与核心问题	个人特质与性格	社会框架、治理与福利	招聘与职位角色
职场文化与职业	贸易与市场动态	技术设备与系统	打电话和直接引语
物理外观与形态	学术研究与资格	技能与能力	犯罪与法律后果
服装、成本与风格	历史社会与经济体系	工作绩效与条件	财务管理与经济健康
公司结构与战略行动	社交导航与行为模式	视角、信念与应对挑战	特质与自我概念
认知过程与记忆	分析、判断与问题解决	创新、发展与功能	迷信 & 超自然
媒体、出版与信息动态	情绪状态与反应	交际性解释与表达	正式沟通与信息交流
社会影响与策略	个人行为与自我管理	状态与条件	关系性和抽象性品质
清晰、感知与现实	风格与氛围	负面判断与缺陷	积极判断与高价值
具有挑战性的互动与社交策略	家庭与社会联系	副词和副词短语	手动操作或身体运动
级别与强度	日常物品与家庭生活	食物、烹饪与餐饮	生物及其行为