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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Desvantagem Social e Questões Centrais

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
rundown
[adjetivo]

(of a place or building) in a very poor condition, often due to negligence

deteriorado, degradado

deteriorado, degradado

Ex: The small rundown shop barely attracted any customers anymore.A pequena loja **deteriorada** mal atraía clientes.
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illiteracy
[substantivo]

the inability to read and write

analfabetismo, incapacidade de ler e escrever

analfabetismo, incapacidade de ler e escrever

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homeless
[substantivo]

people who lack stable housing and so live on the streets

sem-teto, desabrigados

sem-teto, desabrigados

Ex: He spoke out about the challenges faced by the homeless.Ele falou sobre os desafios enfrentados pelos **sem-teto**.
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disorder
[substantivo]

conduct that causes public unrest

distúrbio, desordem

distúrbio, desordem

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to cause or increase the occurrence of criminal activity, often by creating conditions that encourage it

Ex: A failing justice system can indirectly breed crime.
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unfit
[adjetivo]

not suitable or capable enough for a specific task or purpose

inapto, impróprio

inapto, impróprio

Ex: The unstable ladder was unfit for reaching high shelves safely .A escada instável estava **imprópria** para alcançar prateleiras altas com segurança.
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street child
[substantivo]

a child for whom the street is the habitual place of residence or primary source of livelihood

criança de rua, menino de rua

criança de rua, menino de rua

Ex: During the census the outreach team counted every street child they encountered to estimate local need .Durante o censo, a equipe de divulgação contou cada **criança de rua** que encontrou para estimar a necessidade local.
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poverty line
[substantivo]

an officially recognized income threshold that separates those considered to have sufficient resources from those judged to lack the minimum income needed to meet basic needs

linha de pobreza, limiar de pobreza

linha de pobreza, limiar de pobreza

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to incite
[verbo]

to encourage someone to commit a crime or act violently

incitar, instigar

incitar, instigar

Ex: The online post was found to incite harmful behavior .A postagem online foi considerada como **incitando** comportamento prejudicial.
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famine
[substantivo]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

fome, escassez de alimentos

fome, escassez de alimentos

Ex: The famine caused great suffering among the population .A **fome** causou grande sofrimento entre a população.
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destitute
[adjetivo]

lacking essential non-material needs, such as support, love, or community

Ex: The abandoned neighborhood seemed destitute of hope and opportunity .
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the social or economic edge of a community, where individuals or groups are excluded from full participation or opportunity

Ex: She felt pushed to the margin of society after losing her job.
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penury
[substantivo]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

penúria, miséria

penúria, miséria

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state of penury.A perda repentina do emprego o levou a um estado de **pobreza**.
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to sleep outdoors or in a place that is not intended for accommodation, such as on the streets or in a park, usually without proper bedding or shelter

Ex: They will have to sleep rough tonight if they don't find a shelter soon.
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riot
[substantivo]

a situation when a group of people behave violently, particularly as a protest

tumulto,  motim

tumulto, motim

Ex: Several arrests were made during the riot as protesters clashed with law enforcement .Várias prisões foram feitas durante o **motim** quando manifestantes entraram em confronto com a polícia.
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to erupt
[verbo]

to suddenly and dramatically start, often in a surprising or intense way

eclodir, explodir

eclodir, explodir

Ex: A fight erupted in the bar after someone spilled a drink .Uma briga **eclodiu** no bar depois que alguém derramou uma bebida.
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the state of being shut out from full participation in society due to poverty, discrimination, or lack of access to services, rights, or opportunities

Ex: She spoke out about her experience of social exclusion.
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antisocial
[adjetivo]

hostile toward accepted social standards, laws, or communal order

antissocial, associal

antissocial, associal

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the breadline
[substantivo]

an informal threshold of income that marks the level at which a person or household is regarded as very poor or barely able to afford basic necessities

o limiar da pobreza, a linha de subsistência

o limiar da pobreza, a linha de subsistência

Ex: The minimum wage in the country is below the breadline, making it difficult for workers to meet their basic needs.As propostas de política incluíam um crédito fiscal direcionado para famílias que estão logo acima da **linha da pobreza**.
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to survive with just enough money or resources to meet immediate needs, without saving or planning for the future

Ex: He lived from hand to mouth after losing his job.
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congestion
[substantivo]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

congestionamento, engarrafamento

congestionamento, engarrafamento

Ex: Traffic congestion is a major issue during the holidays.O **congestionamento** do trânsito é um grande problema durante os feriados.
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gridlock
[substantivo]

a situation in which traffic is so heavily congested that movement is virtually impossible

engarrafamento, congestionamento

engarrafamento, congestionamento

Ex: It ’s difficult to navigate through the city during peak hours because of the constant gridlock.É difícil navegar pela cidade durante o horário de pico por causa do constante **engarrafamento**.
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deprived
[adjetivo]

lacking the basic necessities of life

desfavorecido, necessitado

desfavorecido, necessitado

Ex: Despite living in a deprived area , he remained determined to break the cycle of poverty .Apesar de viver em uma área **carente**, ele permaneceu determinado a quebrar o ciclo da pobreza.
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prejudiced
[adjetivo]

holding opinions or judgments influenced by personal bias rather than objective reasoning

preconceituoso, parcial

preconceituoso, parcial

Ex: Courts must avoid prejudiced rulings to ensure justice .Os tribunais devem evitar decisões **preconceituosas** para garantir a justiça.
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unrest
[substantivo]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

agitação, descontentamento

agitação, descontentamento

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .O aumento nos preços dos combustíveis causou **agitação** entre os trabalhadores.
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black spot
[substantivo]

a physical location known for frequent danger, accidents, or problems

ponto negro, zona negra

ponto negro, zona negra

Ex: The tunnel entrance is now marked as a black spot.A entrada do túnel está agora marcada como um **ponto negro**.
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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
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