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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Kawalan ng Kalamangan sa Lipunan at Mga Pangunahing Isyu

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
rundown
[pang-uri]

(of a place or building) in a very poor condition, often due to negligence

sirain, napabayaan

sirain, napabayaan

Ex: The small rundown shop barely attracted any customers anymore.Ang maliit na **giba** na tindahan ay halos hindi na nakakaakit ng mga customer.
illiteracy
[Pangngalan]

the inability to read and write

kawalan ng kakayahang bumasa at sumulat, kamangmangan

kawalan ng kakayahang bumasa at sumulat, kamangmangan

homeless
[Pangngalan]

people who lack stable housing and so live on the streets

mga walang tahanan, mga walang tirahan

mga walang tahanan, mga walang tirahan

Ex: He spoke out about the challenges faced by the homeless.Nagsalita siya tungkol sa mga hamon na kinakaharap ng **mga walang tahanan**.
disorder
[Pangngalan]

conduct that causes public unrest

kaguluhan, gulo

kaguluhan, gulo

to breed crime
[Parirala]

to cause or increase the occurrence of criminal activity, often by creating conditions that encourage it

Ex: A failing justice system can indirectly breed crime.
unfit
[pang-uri]

not suitable or capable enough for a specific task or purpose

hindi angkop, hindi karapat-dapat

hindi angkop, hindi karapat-dapat

Ex: The unstable ladder was unfit for reaching high shelves safely .Ang hindi matatag na hagdan ay **hindi angkop** para sa ligtas na pag-abot sa mataas na mga istante.
street child
[Pangngalan]

a child for whom the street is the habitual place of residence or primary source of livelihood

batang kalye, batang lansangan

batang kalye, batang lansangan

Ex: During the census the outreach team counted every street child they encountered to estimate local need .Sa panahon ng census, binilang ng outreach team ang bawat **batang lansangan** na kanilang nakatagpo upang matantya ang lokal na pangangailangan.
poverty line
[Pangngalan]

an officially recognized income threshold that separates those considered to have sufficient resources from those judged to lack the minimum income needed to meet basic needs

linya ng kahirapan, antas ng karalitaan

linya ng kahirapan, antas ng karalitaan

to incite
[Pandiwa]

to encourage someone to commit a crime or act violently

udyok, pukawin

udyok, pukawin

Ex: The online post was found to incite harmful behavior .Ang online post ay natagpuang **nag-uudyok** ng nakasasamang pag-uugali.
famine
[Pangngalan]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

taggutom, kakulangan ng pagkain

taggutom, kakulangan ng pagkain

Ex: The famine caused great suffering among the population .Ang **taggutom** ay nagdulot ng malaking paghihirap sa populasyon.
destitute
[pang-uri]

lacking essential non-material needs, such as support, love, or community

Ex: The abandoned neighborhood seemed destitute of hope and opportunity .

the social or economic edge of a community, where individuals or groups are excluded from full participation or opportunity

Ex: She felt pushed to the margin of society after losing her job.
penury
[Pangngalan]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

karalitaan, kahirapan

karalitaan, kahirapan

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state of penury.Ang biglaang pagkawala ng kanyang trabaho ay nagtulak sa kanya sa isang estado ng **karalitaan**.
to sleep rough
[Parirala]

to sleep outdoors or in a place that is not intended for accommodation, such as on the streets or in a park, usually without proper bedding or shelter

Ex: They will have to sleep rough tonight if they don't find a shelter soon.
riot
[Pangngalan]

a situation when a group of people behave violently, particularly as a protest

gulo,  pag-aalsa

gulo, pag-aalsa

Ex: Several arrests were made during the riot as protesters clashed with law enforcement .Maraming pag-aresto ang ginawa sa panahon ng **gulo** nang magkaroon ng labanan ang mga nagproprotesta at mga awtoridad.
to erupt
[Pandiwa]

to suddenly and dramatically start, often in a surprising or intense way

sumiklab, pumutok

sumiklab, pumutok

Ex: A fight erupted in the bar after someone spilled a drink .**Sumiklab** ang away sa bar matapos may magtapon ng inumin.

the state of being shut out from full participation in society due to poverty, discrimination, or lack of access to services, rights, or opportunities

Ex: She spoke out about her experience of social exclusion.
antisocial
[pang-uri]

hostile toward accepted social standards, laws, or communal order

antisosyal, di-sosyal

antisosyal, di-sosyal

the breadline
[Pangngalan]

an informal threshold of income that marks the level at which a person or household is regarded as very poor or barely able to afford basic necessities

antas ng kahirapan, linya ng kabuhayan

antas ng kahirapan, linya ng kabuhayan

Ex: The minimum wage in the country is below the breadline, making it difficult for workers to meet their basic needs.Kabilang sa mga panukala sa patakaran ang isang naka-target na credit sa buwis para sa mga pamilyang nasa itaas lamang ng **linya ng kahirapan**.

to survive with just enough money or resources to meet immediate needs, without saving or planning for the future

Ex: He lived from hand to mouth after losing his job.
congestion
[Pangngalan]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

kasiyahan, baraduhan

kasiyahan, baraduhan

Ex: Traffic congestion is a major issue during the holidays.Ang **pagkabara** ng trapiko ay isang malaking isyu tuwing bakasyon.
gridlock
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which traffic is so heavily congested that movement is virtually impossible

gridlock, matinding trapik

gridlock, matinding trapik

Ex: It ’s difficult to navigate through the city during peak hours because of the constant gridlock.Mahirap mag-navigate sa lungsod sa oras ng rurok dahil sa patuloy na **gridlock**.
deprived
[pang-uri]

lacking the basic necessities of life

salat, nangangailangan

salat, nangangailangan

Ex: Despite living in a deprived area , he remained determined to break the cycle of poverty .Sa kabila ng pamumuhay sa isang **mahihirap** na lugar, nanatili siyang determinado na putulin ang siklo ng kahirapan.
prejudiced
[pang-uri]

holding opinions or judgments influenced by personal bias rather than objective reasoning

may kinikilingan, may pagkiling

may kinikilingan, may pagkiling

Ex: Courts must avoid prejudiced rulings to ensure justice .Ang mga hukuman ay dapat umiwas sa mga **may kinikilingan** na pasya upang matiyak ang katarungan.
unrest
[Pangngalan]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .Ang pagtaas ng presyo ng gasolina ay nagdulot ng **kaguluhan** sa mga manggagawa.
black spot
[Pangngalan]

a physical location known for frequent danger, accidents, or problems

itim na spot, mapanganib na lugar

itim na spot, mapanganib na lugar

Ex: The tunnel entrance is now marked as a black spot.Ang pasukan ng tunnel ay minarkahan na ngayon bilang isang **black spot**.
Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
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