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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Sociální Znevýhodnění a Klíčové Problémy

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
rundown
rundown
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a place or building) in a very poor condition, often due to negligence

zchátralý, zanedbaný

zchátralý, zanedbaný

Ex: The old rundown hotel was in desperate need of repairs. 
illiteracy
illiteracy
[Podstatné jméno]

the inability to read and write

negramotnost, neschopnost číst a psát

negramotnost, neschopnost číst a psát

Ex: Adult illiteracy in the region made it difficult for residents to complete official forms. 
homeless
homeless
[Podstatné jméno]

people who lack stable housing and so live on the streets

bezdomovci, osoby bez přístřeší

bezdomovci, osoby bez přístřeší

Ex: The organization provides support services for the homeless in the area. 
disorder
disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

conduct that causes public unrest

nepokoj, nepořádek

nepokoj, nepořádek

Ex: Police were called after the bar fight escalated into disorder in the street. 
to [breed] crime

to cause or increase the occurrence of criminal activity, often by creating conditions that encourage it

Ex: Poverty and lack of education can breed crime. 
unfit
unfit
[Přídavné jméno]

not suitable or capable enough for a specific task or purpose

nehodný, neschopný

nehodný, neschopný

Ex: The old shoes were unfit for hiking, lacking proper traction and support. 
street child
street child
[Podstatné jméno]

a child for whom the street is the habitual place of residence or primary source of livelihood

dítě ulice, bezdomovecké dítě

dítě ulice, bezdomovecké dítě

Ex: The NGO operates day centers where a street child can get a meal, a wash, and basic medical care. 
poverty line
poverty line
[Podstatné jméno]

an officially recognized income threshold that separates those considered to have sufficient resources from those judged to lack the minimum income needed to meet basic needs

hranice chudoby, práh chudoby

hranice chudoby, práh chudoby

Ex: The family's income fell below the poverty line after the primary earner lost his job. 
to incite
to incite
[sloveso]

to encourage someone to commit a crime or act violently

podněcovat, navádět

podněcovat, navádět

Ex: His reckless speech seemed to incite violence among the protesters. 
famine
famine
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

hladomor, nedostatek potravin

hladomor, nedostatek potravin

Ex: Many children were orphaned as a result of the famine. 
destitute
destitute
[Přídavné jméno]

lacking essential non-material needs, such as support, love, or community

zbavený, ochuzený

zbavený, ochuzený

Ex: Modern society is destitute of genuine community bonds. 
the margin of society

the social or economic edge of a community, where individuals or groups are excluded from full participation or opportunity

Ex: Many live on the margin of society without access to basic services. 
penury
penury
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

bída, chudoba

bída, chudoba

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
to [sleep] rough

to sleep outdoors or in a place that is not intended for accommodation, such as on the streets or in a park, usually without proper bedding or shelter

Ex: He often sleeps rough when he can't find a place to stay, 
riot
riot
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation when a group of people behave violently, particularly as a protest

vzpoura,  bouře

vzpoura, bouře

Ex: A peaceful demonstration turned into a violent riot after clashes broke out between protesters and counter-protesters. 
to erupt
to erupt
[sloveso]

to suddenly and dramatically start, often in a surprising or intense way

vypuknout, propuknout

vypuknout, propuknout

Ex: The argument erupted out of nowhere, catching everyone off guard. 
social exclusion

the state of being shut out from full participation in society due to poverty, discrimination, or lack of access to services, rights, or opportunities

Ex: The program aims to reduce social exclusion in urban areas. 
antisocial
antisocial
[Přídavné jméno]

hostile toward accepted social standards, laws, or communal order

antisociální, asociální

antisociální, asociální

Ex: The vandals' antisocial behavior damaged several storefronts and alarmed nearby residents. 
the breadline
the breadline
[Podstatné jméno]

an informal threshold of income that marks the level at which a person or household is regarded as very poor or barely able to afford basic necessities

hranice chudoby, životní minimum

hranice chudoby, životní minimum

Ex: Many families are living below the breadline. 
to [live] from hand to mouth

to survive with just enough money or resources to meet immediate needs, without saving or planning for the future

Ex: Many families are forced to live from hand to mouth. 
congestion
congestion
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

dopravní zácpa, ucpání

dopravní zácpa, ucpání

Ex: There was heavy congestion on the highway during rush hour. 
gridlock
gridlock
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which traffic is so heavily congested that movement is virtually impossible

dopravní zácpa, gridlock

dopravní zácpa, gridlock

Ex: The city center was in complete gridlock after the accident blocked all lanes. 
deprived
deprived
[Přídavné jméno]

lacking the basic necessities of life

zbavený, potřebný

zbavený, potřebný

Ex: The deprived children lacked access to proper nutrition and education. 
prejudiced
prejudiced
[Přídavné jméno]

holding opinions or judgments influenced by personal bias rather than objective reasoning

předpojatý, stranický

předpojatý, stranický

Ex: His review was prejudiced, favoring his friend's work unfairly. 
unrest
unrest
[Podstatné jméno]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

neklid, nepokoje

neklid, nepokoje

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 
black spot
black spot
[Podstatné jméno]

a physical location known for frequent danger, accidents, or problems

černá skvrna, nebezpečná zóna

černá skvrna, nebezpečná zóna

Ex: That intersection is a black spot for crashes. 
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