Лингвистика - Отрасли языкознания

the field of linguistics that investigates how words are formed, analyzed, and combined to convey meaning, including the study of prefixes, suffixes, roots, and other linguistic units

морфология

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

этимология

a branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of words, their meanings, origins, and relationships within a language, including vocabulary development, word formation processes, and semantic analysis

лексикология

a linguistic field that explores the interactions between morphology and phonology, investigating how morphological processes can affect the pronunciation and phonetic realization of words

морфофонология

a branch of linguistics that examines and analyzes the variations in language, such as pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage, within specific geographic regions or social groups, with a focus on studying different dialects and their characteristics

диалектология

the branch of linguistics that explores the changes and developments in languages throughout history, tracing their origins, evolution, and relationships through the analysis of written records and comparative analysis

историческая лингвистика, диахроническая лингвистика

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of the concepts and processes involved in the selection and naming of words and expressions to represent specific meanings or referents in language

ономасиология

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

семантика

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on developing models, theories, and frameworks to understand the structure, organization, and underlying principles of human language

теоретическая лингвистика, лингвистическая теория

a branch of linguistics that applies linguistic theories and methods to practical real-world situations, addressing issues related to language teaching, language learning, language policy, language assessment, and other areas where language has practical implications

прикладная лингвистика, практическая лингвистика

a subfield of linguistics that employs mathematical and logical tools to study the precise meaning and interpretation of language, focusing on the formal representation of meaning using formal languages, logic, and computational methods

формальная семантика, математическая семантика

an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between language, cognition, and the mind, examining how language reflects and shapes our cognitive processes and conceptual systems

когнитивная лингвистика, лингвистика когниции

the study of old handwriting and scripts to understand ancient documents and manuscripts

палеография

the study of the written representation of language, examining the relationship between written symbols (graphemes) and their corresponding sounds or meanings

графемика

the study of signs and symbols and their interpretation, examining how meaning is created, communicated, and understood through various systems of signs, including language, images, gestures, and cultural symbols

семиотика

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

фонетика

a branch of phonetics that focuses on the physical properties of sound waves produced during speech, analyzing and describing the acoustic characteristics of speech sounds

акустическая фонетика, фонетика акустики

a branch of phonetics that examines how speech sounds are perceived and processed by the human auditory system

аудиоттическая фонетика, перцептивная фонетика

the study of language structures and features across different languages to identify similarities, differences, and historical relationships among them

сравнительная лингвистика, лингвистика сравнений

the interdisciplinary field that combines linguistics and computer science to develop algorithms, models, and technologies for the analysis, understanding, and generation of natural language by computers

компьютерная лингвистика, вычислительная лингвистика

the application of linguistic analysis and techniques to legal and criminal investigations, including the examination of language evidence to determine authorship, authenticity, and linguistic patterns in legal contexts

судебная лингвистика, лингвистика в судебной экспертизе

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language in its cultural and social context, examining the relationship between language, culture, and society

антропологическая лингвистика, лингвистика антропологии

the practice and study of compiling, editing, and writing dictionaries, focusing on the principles and methods of dictionary creation

лексикография

the interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between language, culture, and society, focusing on how language influences and is influenced by the cultural practices, beliefs, and identities of different ethnic groups or communities

этнолингвистика

a linguistic discipline that investigates how language meaning is shaped by cognitive processes, such as perception, categorization, and conceptualization, emphasizing the interplay between language and human thought

когнитивная семантика, когнитивная семантика языка

the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of meaning in language, examining how words, signs, and other linguistic units acquire and convey meaning within a particular language or across languages

семасиология

a branch of linguistics that examines the meaning of individual words and the relationships between them

лексическая семантика, семантика слов

the field of study that focuses on the structure, grammar, and usage of sign languages used by Deaf communities

лингвистика жестовых языков, языковая лингвистика жестов

the interdisciplinary field that examines the relationship between language and society, investigating how social factors such as class, gender, ethnicity, and geographical location influence language variation, language change, and language use in different communities

социолингвистика

the field of study that uses large collections of authentic texts to analyze language patterns, usage, and variation, employing quantitative and qualitative methods for empirical linguistic analysis

корпусная лингвистика, лингвистика корпусов

the field of study that classifies and compares languages based on their structural features, aiming to identify and categorize common patterns and variations across different languages worldwide

лингвистическая типология, классификация языков

an interdisciplinary field that examines the theory, practice, and processes of translating texts from one language to another, considering the linguistic, cultural, and social factors involved in the transfer of meaning between languages

переводоведение, практика перевода

a branch of linguistics that compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between two or more languages

контрастивная лингвистика, сравнительная лингвистика

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

прагматика

the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of the sounds and sound patterns of language, including the analysis of phonemes, phonological rules, and the organization and systematic patterns of speech sounds within a particular language or languages

фонология

the study of how language is processed, produced, and acquired in the human mind

психолингвистика

the study of the relationship between language and the brain's structure and function

нейролингвистика

the branch of linguistics that studies the structure, organization, and rules governing the arrangement of words and phrases to form sentences in a language

синтаксис

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language variation and change across geographic regions

геолингвистика

a subfield of linguistics that employs a methodological approach to investigate language in its broader social and cultural context, examining the structures, patterns, and functions of communication

дискурсивный анализ, анализ дискурса

a subfield of linguistics that examines language as it exists at a specific moment in time, without considering its historical development or changes over time

синхронная лингвистика, синхрония лингвистики

the study of fixed and conventionalized expressions, including idioms, collocations, and formulaic language, which play a significant role in language use and communication

фразеология, исследование фраз

the study of the structural patterns and features of languages from a comparative perspective

синтаксическая типология, изучение синтаксических структур

a branch of linguistics that examines and categorizes the phonological systems and processes across different languages

фонологическая типология, классификация фонологии

a branch of linguistics that focuses on the categorization and comparison of semantic features and structures found in different languages

семантическая типология, типология значений

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language change over time and how it affects typological patterns

диахроническая типология, языковая диахроническая типология

the study of how languages differ in terms of their lexical features, including word classes, derivational processes, and semantic categories

лексическая типология, лексическое исследование

the investigation of how languages vary in their use of pragmatic features and strategies, such as politeness, deixis, discourse structure, and speech acts, to achieve effective communication

прагматическая типология, прагматическая классификация

the study of language, literature, and historical texts to understand their origins, development, and cultural context, encompassing areas such as linguistics, textual criticism, and literary analysis

филология

a branch of phonology that specifically focuses on the study of the rules and patterns governing the arrangement of sounds within a language

фонотактика