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言語学 - 言語学の分野

ここでは、"形態論"、"意味論"、"統語論"などの言語学の分野に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Linguistics
morphology
[名詞]

the field of linguistics that investigates how words are formed, analyzed, and combined to convey meaning, including the study of prefixes, suffixes, roots, and other linguistic units

形態論, 語形成の研究

形態論, 語形成の研究

etymology
[名詞]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

語源学

語源学

Ex: The etymology of " amplify " reveals its roots in Latin " amplus , " meaning large or spacious ."amplify"の**語源**は、ラテン語の"amplus"に由来し、大きくて広いという意味を表しています。
lexicology
[名詞]

a branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of words, their meanings, origins, and relationships within a language, including vocabulary development, word formation processes, and semantic analysis

語彙論, 言葉の研究

語彙論, 言葉の研究

a linguistic field that explores the interactions between morphology and phonology, investigating how morphological processes can affect the pronunciation and phonetic realization of words

形態音韻論, 形態論と音韻論の相互作用の研究

形態音韻論, 形態論と音韻論の相互作用の研究

dialectology
[名詞]

a branch of linguistics that examines and analyzes the variations in language, such as pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage, within specific geographic regions or social groups, with a focus on studying different dialects and their characteristics

方言学, 方言の研究

方言学, 方言の研究

the branch of linguistics that explores the changes and developments in languages throughout history, tracing their origins, evolution, and relationships through the analysis of written records and comparative analysis

歴史言語学, 比較言語学

歴史言語学, 比較言語学

onomasiology
[名詞]

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of the concepts and processes involved in the selection and naming of words and expressions to represent specific meanings or referents in language

オノマシオロジー, 命名の研究

オノマシオロジー, 命名の研究

semantics
[名詞]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

意味論

意味論

Ex: Differences in semantics can lead to misunderstandings , especially when translating between languages with distinct cultural contexts .**意味論**の違いは、特に異なる文化的背景を持つ言語間で翻訳する際に、誤解を招くことがあります。

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on developing models, theories, and frameworks to understand the structure, organization, and underlying principles of human language

理論言語学, 言語学理論

理論言語学, 言語学理論

a branch of linguistics that applies theories to real-world issues like language teaching, learning, and policy

応用言語学, 実践言語学

応用言語学, 実践言語学

a subfield of linguistics that employs mathematical and logical tools to study the precise meaning and interpretation of language, focusing on the formal representation of meaning using formal languages, logic, and computational methods

形式的意味論, 数学的意味論

形式的意味論, 数学的意味論

an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between language, cognition, and the mind, examining how language reflects and shapes our cognitive processes and conceptual systems

認知言語学, 言語の認知科学

認知言語学, 言語の認知科学

paleography
[名詞]

the study of old handwriting and scripts to understand ancient documents and manuscripts

古書体学, 古代の筆記体とスクリプトの研究

古書体学, 古代の筆記体とスクリプトの研究

graphemics
[名詞]

the study of the written representation of language, examining the relationship between written symbols (graphemes) and their corresponding sounds or meanings

書記素論, 書記素の研究

書記素論, 書記素の研究

semiotics
[名詞]

the study of signs and symbols and their interpretation, examining how meaning is created, communicated, and understood through various systems of signs, including language, images, gestures, and cultural symbols

記号論, 記号と象徴の研究

記号論, 記号と象徴の研究

phonetics
[名詞]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

音声学

音声学

Ex: Phonetics plays a crucial role in language learning and teaching , helping learners to accurately pronounce and recognize the sounds of a foreign language .**音声学**は言語の学習と教育において重要な役割を果たし、学習者が外国語の音を正確に発音し、認識するのを助けます。

a branch of phonetics that focuses on the physical properties of sound waves produced during speech, analyzing and describing the acoustic characteristics of speech sounds

音響音声学, 音声音響学

音響音声学, 音声音響学

a branch of phonetics that examines how speech sounds are perceived and processed by the human auditory system

聴覚音声学, 聴覚系の音声学

聴覚音声学, 聴覚系の音声学

the study of language structures and features across different languages to identify similarities, differences, and historical relationships among them

比較言語学, 言語の比較研究

比較言語学, 言語の比較研究

the interdisciplinary field that combines linguistics and computer science to develop algorithms, models, and technologies for the analysis, understanding, and generation of natural language by computers

計算言語学, コンピュータ言語学

計算言語学, コンピュータ言語学

the application of linguistic analysis and techniques to legal and criminal investigations, including the examination of language evidence to determine authorship, authenticity, and linguistic patterns in legal contexts

法言語学, 司法言語学

法言語学, 司法言語学

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language in its cultural and social context, examining the relationship between language, culture, and society

人類言語学, 人類学的言語学

人類言語学, 人類学的言語学

lexicography
[名詞]

the practice and study of compiling, editing, and writing dictionaries, focusing on the principles and methods of dictionary creation

辞書編集学, 辞書の編集、編集、執筆の実践と研究

辞書編集学, 辞書の編集、編集、執筆の実践と研究

Ex: Studying lexicography provides insights into how language evolves and how dictionaries reflect that change .**辞書学**を学ぶことで、言語がどのように進化するか、そして辞書がその変化をどのように反映しているかについての洞察が得られます。

the interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between language, culture, and society, focusing on how language influences and is influenced by the cultural practices, beliefs, and identities of different ethnic groups or communities

民族言語学

民族言語学

a linguistic discipline that investigates how language meaning is shaped by cognitive processes, such as perception, categorization, and conceptualization, emphasizing the interplay between language and human thought

認知意味論, 認知セマンティクス

認知意味論, 認知セマンティクス

semasiology
[名詞]

the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of meaning in language, examining how words, signs, and other linguistic units acquire and convey meaning within a particular language or across languages

意味論

意味論

a branch of linguistics that examines the meaning of individual words and the relationships between them

語彙意味論, 語彙の意味論

語彙意味論, 語彙の意味論

the field of study that focuses on the structure, grammar, and usage of sign languages used by Deaf communities

手話言語学, 手話の言語学的研究

手話言語学, 手話の言語学的研究

the study of how social factors like class, gender, and geography shape language variation and use

社会言語学, 階級、性別、地理などの社会的要因が言語の変異と使用をどのように形作るかの研究

社会言語学, 階級、性別、地理などの社会的要因が言語の変異と使用をどのように形作るかの研究

the field of study that uses large collections of authentic texts to analyze language patterns, usage, and variation, employing quantitative and qualitative methods for empirical linguistic analysis

コーパス言語学, コーパスによる言語学

コーパス言語学, コーパスによる言語学

the field of study that classifies and compares languages based on their structural features, aiming to identify and categorize common patterns and variations across different languages worldwide

言語類型論, 言語分類学

言語類型論, 言語分類学

an interdisciplinary field that examines the theory, practice, and processes of translating texts from one language to another, considering the linguistic, cultural, and social factors involved in the transfer of meaning between languages

翻訳研究, 翻訳学

翻訳研究, 翻訳学

a branch of linguistics that compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between two or more languages

対照言語学, 比較言語学

対照言語学, 比較言語学

pragmatics
[名詞]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

語用論, 語用論(ごようろん)

語用論, 語用論(ごようろん)

Ex: The study of pragmatics reveals how gestures and facial expressions complement verbal communication .**語用論**の研究は、ジェスチャーや表情がどのように言語コミュニケーションを補完するかを明らかにします。
phonology
[名詞]

the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of the sounds and sound patterns of language, including the analysis of phonemes, phonological rules, and the organization and systematic patterns of speech sounds within a particular language or languages

音韻論, 言語音の研究

音韻論, 言語音の研究

the study of how language is processed, produced, and acquired in the human mind

心理言語学, 心理言語学の研究

心理言語学, 心理言語学の研究

the study of the relationship between language and the brain's structure and function

神経言語学

神経言語学

syntax
[名詞]

the branch of linguistics that studies the structure, organization, and rules governing the arrangement of words and phrases to form sentences in a language

構文

構文

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language variation and change across geographic regions

地理言語学, 言語地理学

地理言語学, 言語地理学

a subfield of linguistics that employs a methodological approach to investigate language in its broader social and cultural context, examining the structures, patterns, and functions of communication

談話分析, 談話研究

談話分析, 談話研究

a subfield of linguistics that examines language as it exists at a specific moment in time, without considering its historical development or changes over time

共時言語学, 言語の共時的研究

共時言語学, 言語の共時的研究

phraseology
[名詞]

the study of fixed and conventionalized expressions, including idioms, collocations, and formulaic language, which play a significant role in language use and communication

フレーズ学, 固定された慣用的表現の研究

フレーズ学, 固定された慣用的表現の研究

the study of the structural patterns and features of languages from a comparative perspective

統語類型論, 比較的視点から見た言語の構造パターンと特徴の研究

統語類型論, 比較的視点から見た言語の構造パターンと特徴の研究

a branch of linguistics that examines and categorizes the phonological systems and processes across different languages

音韻類型論, 音韻体系の類型論

音韻類型論, 音韻体系の類型論

a branch of linguistics that focuses on the categorization and comparison of semantic features and structures found in different languages

意味論的類型学, 意味論的分類

意味論的類型学, 意味論的分類

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language change over time and how it affects typological patterns

通時類型論, 歴史類型論

通時類型論, 歴史類型論

the study of how languages differ in terms of their lexical features, including word classes, derivational processes, and semantic categories

語彙類型論, 語彙的特徴の研究

語彙類型論, 語彙的特徴の研究

the investigation of how languages vary in their use of pragmatic features and strategies, such as politeness, deixis, discourse structure, and speech acts, to achieve effective communication

実用的類型論, 言語の実用的研究

実用的類型論, 言語の実用的研究

philology
[名詞]

the study of language, literature, and historical texts to understand their origins, development, and cultural context, encompassing areas such as linguistics, textual criticism, and literary analysis

文献学, 歴史的テキストの研究

文献学, 歴史的テキストの研究

phonotactics
[名詞]

a branch of phonology that specifically focuses on the study of the rules and patterns governing the arrangement of sounds within a language

音素配列論, 音の組み合わせの規則の研究

音素配列論, 音の組み合わせの規則の研究

言語学
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