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Linguistique - Branches de Linguistique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux branches de la linguistique tels que "morphologie", "sémantique" et "syntaxe".

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Words Related to Linguistics
morphology

the field of linguistics that investigates how words are formed, analyzed, and combined to convey meaning, including the study of prefixes, suffixes, roots, and other linguistic units

morphologie

morphologie

etymology

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

étymologie

étymologie

Ex: Linguists trace the etymology of "vocabulary" back to Latin "vocabulum," meaning word. 
lexicology

a branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of words, their meanings, origins, and relationships within a language, including vocabulary development, word formation processes, and semantic analysis

lexicologie, étude des mots

lexicologie, étude des mots

morphophonology

a linguistic field that explores the interactions between morphology and phonology, investigating how morphological processes can affect the pronunciation and phonetic realization of words

morphophonologie, étude des interactions entre morphologie et phonologie

morphophonologie, étude des interactions entre morphologie et phonologie

dialectology

a branch of linguistics that examines and analyzes the variations in language, such as pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage, within specific geographic regions or social groups, with a focus on studying different dialects and their characteristics

dialectologie, étude des dialectes

dialectologie, étude des dialectes

historical linguistics

the branch of linguistics that explores the changes and developments in languages throughout history, tracing their origins, evolution, and relationships through the analysis of written records and comparative analysis

linguistique historique, philologie comparée

linguistique historique, philologie comparée

onomasiology

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of the concepts and processes involved in the selection and naming of words and expressions to represent specific meanings or referents in language

onomasiologie, étude des dénominations

onomasiologie, étude des dénominations

semantics

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

sémantique

sémantique

Ex: In linguistics, semantics is the study of meaning in language, focusing on how words, phrases, and sentences convey meaning. 
theoretical linguistics

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on developing models, theories, and frameworks to understand the structure, organization, and underlying principles of human language

linguistique théorique, théorie linguistique

linguistique théorique, théorie linguistique

applied linguistics

a branch of linguistics that applies theories to real-world issues like language teaching, learning, and policy

linguistique appliquée, linguistique pratique

linguistique appliquée, linguistique pratique

formal semantics

a subfield of linguistics that employs mathematical and logical tools to study the precise meaning and interpretation of language, focusing on the formal representation of meaning using formal languages, logic, and computational methods

sémantique formelle, sémantique mathématique

sémantique formelle, sémantique mathématique

cognitive linguistics

an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between language, cognition, and the mind, examining how language reflects and shapes our cognitive processes and conceptual systems

linguistique cognitive, sciences cognitives du langage

linguistique cognitive, sciences cognitives du langage

paleography

the study of old handwriting and scripts to understand ancient documents and manuscripts

paléographie, étude des anciennes écritures

paléographie, étude des anciennes écritures

graphemics

the study of the written representation of language, examining the relationship between written symbols (graphemes) and their corresponding sounds or meanings

graphémique, étude des graphèmes

graphémique, étude des graphèmes

semiotics

the study of signs and symbols and their interpretation, examining how meaning is created, communicated, and understood through various systems of signs, including language, images, gestures, and cultural symbols

sémiotique, étude des signes et des symboles

sémiotique, étude des signes et des symboles

phonetics

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

phonétique

phonétique

Ex: Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, including their production, transmission, and reception. 
acoustic phonetics

a branch of phonetics that focuses on the physical properties of sound waves produced during speech, analyzing and describing the acoustic characteristics of speech sounds

phonétique acoustique, acoustique phonétique

phonétique acoustique, acoustique phonétique

auditory phonetics

a branch of phonetics that examines how speech sounds are perceived and processed by the human auditory system

phonétique auditive, phonétique de l'audition

phonétique auditive, phonétique de l'audition

comparative linguistics

the study of language structures and features across different languages to identify similarities, differences, and historical relationships among them

linguistique comparative, étude comparative des langues

linguistique comparative, étude comparative des langues

computational linguistics

the interdisciplinary field that combines linguistics and computer science to develop algorithms, models, and technologies for the analysis, understanding, and generation of natural language by computers

linguistique computationnelle, linguistique informatique

linguistique computationnelle, linguistique informatique

forensic linguistics

the application of linguistic analysis and techniques to legal and criminal investigations, including the examination of language evidence to determine authorship, authenticity, and linguistic patterns in legal contexts

linguistique forensique, linguistique judiciaire

linguistique forensique, linguistique judiciaire

anthropological linguistics

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language in its cultural and social context, examining the relationship between language, culture, and society

linguistique anthropologique, anthropolinguistique

linguistique anthropologique, anthropolinguistique

lexicography

the practice and study of compiling, editing, and writing dictionaries, focusing on the principles and methods of dictionary creation

lexicographie

lexicographie

Ex: The company hired several experts in lexicography to ensure the new edition of the dictionary would be accurate and up-to-date. 
ethnolinguistics

the interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between language, culture, and society, focusing on how language influences and is influenced by the cultural practices, beliefs, and identities of different ethnic groups or communities

ethnolinguistique

ethnolinguistique

cognitive semantics

a linguistic discipline that investigates how language meaning is shaped by cognitive processes, such as perception, categorization, and conceptualization, emphasizing the interplay between language and human thought

sémantique cognitive, sémantique cognitive

sémantique cognitive, sémantique cognitive

semasiology

the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of meaning in language, examining how words, signs, and other linguistic units acquire and convey meaning within a particular language or across languages

sémasiologie

sémasiologie

lexical semantics

a branch of linguistics that examines the meaning of individual words and the relationships between them

sémantique lexicale, sémantique du lexique

sémantique lexicale, sémantique du lexique

sign language linguistics

the field of study that focuses on the structure, grammar, and usage of sign languages used by Deaf communities

linguistique des langues des signes, étude linguistique des langues des signes

linguistique des langues des signes, étude linguistique des langues des signes

sociolinguistics

the study of how social factors like class, gender, and geography shape language variation and use

sociolinguistique, étude des variations linguistiques sociales

sociolinguistique, étude des variations linguistiques sociales

corpus linguistics

the field of study that uses large collections of authentic texts to analyze language patterns, usage, and variation, employing quantitative and qualitative methods for empirical linguistic analysis

linguistique de corpus, linguistique des corpus

linguistique de corpus, linguistique des corpus

linguistic typology

the field of study that classifies and compares languages based on their structural features, aiming to identify and categorize common patterns and variations across different languages worldwide

typologie linguistique, classification linguistique

typologie linguistique, classification linguistique

translation studies

an interdisciplinary field that examines the theory, practice, and processes of translating texts from one language to another, considering the linguistic, cultural, and social factors involved in the transfer of meaning between languages

études de traduction, traductologie

études de traduction, traductologie

contrastive linguistics

a branch of linguistics that compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between two or more languages

linguistique contrastive, linguistique différentielle

linguistique contrastive, linguistique différentielle

pragmatics

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

pragmatique

pragmatique

Ex: Pragmatics examines how politeness conventions vary across different cultures. 
phonology

the branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of the sounds and sound patterns of language, including the analysis of phonemes, phonological rules, and the organization and systematic patterns of speech sounds within a particular language or languages

phonologie

phonologie

psycholinguistics

the study of how language is processed, produced, and acquired in the human mind

psycholinguistique, étude psycholinguistique

psycholinguistique, étude psycholinguistique

neurolinguistics

the study of the relationship between language and the brain's structure and function

neurolinguistique

neurolinguistique

syntax
syntax
[nom]

the branch of linguistics that studies how words and phrases are structured and organized into sentences

syntaxe, syntaxe

syntaxe, syntaxe

Ex: She decided to specialize in syntax for her PhD. 
geolinguistics

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language variation and change across geographic regions

géolinguistique, linguistique géographique

géolinguistique, linguistique géographique

discourse analysis

a subfield of linguistics that employs a methodological approach to investigate language in its broader social and cultural context, examining the structures, patterns, and functions of communication

analyse du discours, étude du discours

analyse du discours, étude du discours

synchronic linguistics

a subfield of linguistics that examines language as it exists at a specific moment in time, without considering its historical development or changes over time

linguistique synchronique, étude synchronique des langues

linguistique synchronique, étude synchronique des langues

phraseology

the study of fixed and conventionalized expressions, including idioms, collocations, and formulaic language, which play a significant role in language use and communication

phraseologie, étude des expressions figées et conventionnelles

phraseologie, étude des expressions figées et conventionnelles

syntactic typology

the study of the structural patterns and features of languages from a comparative perspective

typologie syntaxique, typologie des structures syntaxiques

typologie syntaxique, typologie des structures syntaxiques

phonological typology

a branch of linguistics that examines and categorizes the phonological systems and processes across different languages

typologie phonologique, typologie des systèmes phonologiques

typologie phonologique, typologie des systèmes phonologiques

semantic typology

a branch of linguistics that focuses on the categorization and comparison of semantic features and structures found in different languages

typologie sémantique, classification sémantique

typologie sémantique, classification sémantique

diachronic typology

a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of language change over time and how it affects typological patterns

typologie diachronique, typologie historique

typologie diachronique, typologie historique

lexical typology

the study of how languages differ in terms of their lexical features, including word classes, derivational processes, and semantic categories

typologie lexicale, étude des caractéristiques lexicales

typologie lexicale, étude des caractéristiques lexicales

pragmatic typology

the investigation of how languages vary in their use of pragmatic features and strategies, such as politeness, deixis, discourse structure, and speech acts, to achieve effective communication

typologie pragmatique, étude pragmatique des langues

typologie pragmatique, étude pragmatique des langues

philology

the study of language, literature, and historical texts to understand their origins, development, and cultural context, encompassing areas such as linguistics, textual criticism, and literary analysis

philologie

philologie

phonotactics

a branch of phonology that specifically focuses on the study of the rules and patterns governing the arrangement of sounds within a language

phonotactique, étude des règles de combinaison des sons

phonotactique, étude des règles de combinaison des sons

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