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Список Слов Уровня C2 - Psychology

Здесь вы узнаете все основные слова для разговора о психологии, собранные специально для учащихся уровня C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
catharsis
catharsis
[существительное]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

катарсис

катарсис

Ex: Writing in a journal can provide a sense of catharsis, allowing individuals to express and process their emotions. 
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neurosis
neurosis
[существительное]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

невроз

невроз

Ex: Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning. 
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dissociation
dissociation
[существительное]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

диссоциация, отключение

диссоциация, отключение

Ex: Dissociation can lead to memory gaps or amnesia, where individuals may forget significant portions of their experiences. 
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cognitive behavioral therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy
[существительное]

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

когнитивно-поведенческая терапия, КПТ

когнитивно-поведенческая терапия, КПТ

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. 
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psyche
psyche
[существительное]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

душа, психика

душа, психика

Ex: Many cultures believe the psyche survives after death. 
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psychosis
psychosis
[существительное]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

психоз

психоз

Ex: Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, often manifesting as hallucinations or delusions. 
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body dysmorphic disorder
body dysmorphic disorder
[существительное]

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

Дисморфическое расстройство тела

Дисморфическое расстройство тела

Ex: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where individuals obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others. 
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
[существительное]

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

ОКР

ОКР

Ex: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. 
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post-traumatic stress disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
[существительное]

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

ПТСР

ПТСР

Ex: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as combat, a natural disaster, or a serious accident. 
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borderline personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
[существительное]

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

пограничное расстройство личности

пограничное расстройство личности

Ex: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by intense and unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image. 
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dissociative identity disorder
dissociative identity disorder
[существительное]

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

расстройство расщепления личности

расстройство расщепления личности

Ex: Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities within a single individual. 
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coping mechanism
coping mechanism
[существительное]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

механизм преодоления, стратегия совладания

механизм преодоления, стратегия совладания

Ex: Exercise can serve as a coping mechanism for managing stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins and promoting a sense of well-being. 
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defense mechanism
defense mechanism
[существительное]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

механизм защиты, защитный механизм

механизм защиты, защитный механизм

Ex: Denial, a defense mechanism, involves refusing to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation. 
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abreaction
abreaction
[существительное]

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

абреакция, эмоциональное освобождение

абреакция, эмоциональное освобождение

Ex: Abreaction can occur during therapy sessions. 
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bipolar disorder
bipolar disorder
[существительное]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

биполярное расстройство

биполярное расстройство

Ex: Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include periods of mania (elevated mood) and depression (low mood). 
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hypochondria
hypochondria
[существительное]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

ипохондрия

ипохондрия

Ex: Hypochondria, also known as illness anxiety disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and fear about having a serious medical illness, despite no or minimal evidence of actual illness. 
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kleptomania
kleptomania
[существительное]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

клептомания

клептомания

Ex: Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by a recurrent urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or monetary gain. 
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latent content
latent content
[существительное]

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

скрытое содержание, латентный смысл

скрытое содержание, латентный смысл

Ex: The therapist helped uncover the latent content of her recurring dreams. 
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masochism
masochism
[существительное]

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

мазохизм, мазохистические наклонности

мазохизм, мазохистические наклонности

Ex: Masochism involves finding pleasure in experiencing pain. 
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narcissism
narcissism
[существительное]

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

нарциссизм

нарциссизм

Ex: Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a constant need for admiration from others. 
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Oedipus complex
Oedipus complex
[существительное]

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

Эдипов комплекс, комплекс Эдипа

Эдипов комплекс, комплекс Эдипа

Ex: The Oedipus complex describes a boy's feelings for his mother. 
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psychosomatic disorder
psychosomatic disorder
[существительное]

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

психосоматическое расстройство

психосоматическое расстройство

Ex: A psychosomatic disorder is a condition in which physical symptoms are caused or aggravated by psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or emotional distress. 
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rationalization
rationalization
[существительное]

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

рационализация

рационализация

Ex: Rationalization helps people feel better about their decisions. 
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Freudian slip
Freudian slip
[существительное]

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

оговорка по Фрейду, ошибка, которая раскрывает действительные мысли или чувства говорящего

оговорка по Фрейду, ошибка, которая раскрывает действительные мысли или чувства говорящего

Ex: During his speech, the politician made a Freudian slip, mistakenly referring to his opponent as "my esteemed friend" instead of "my esteemed opponent." 
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condensation
condensation
[существительное]

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

конденсация, сгущение

конденсация, сгущение

Ex: Condensation simplifies intricate psychological processes into understandable forms. 
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