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C2 Szintű Szólista - Pszichológia

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
catharsis
catharsis
[Főnév]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

katarzis, érzelmi megtisztulás

katarzis, érzelmi megtisztulás

Ex: Writing in a journal can provide a sense of catharsis, allowing individuals to express and process their emotions. 
neurosis
neurosis
[Főnév]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurozis, neurotikus zavar

neurozis, neurotikus zavar

Ex: Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning. 
dissociation
dissociation
[Főnév]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

disszociáció, szétválás

disszociáció, szétválás

Ex: Dissociation can lead to memory gaps or amnesia, where individuals may forget significant portions of their experiences. 
cognitive behavioral therapy

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

kognitív viselkedésterápia, KVT

kognitív viselkedésterápia, KVT

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. 
psyche
psyche
[Főnév]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

a lélek, a psziché

a lélek, a psziché

Ex: Many cultures believe the psyche survives after death. 
psychosis
psychosis
[Főnév]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

pszichózis, pszichotikus állapot

pszichózis, pszichotikus állapot

Ex: Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, often manifesting as hallucinations or delusions. 
body dysmorphic disorder

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

testdiszmorfikus zavar, dismorfofóbia

testdiszmorfikus zavar, dismorfofóbia

Ex: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where individuals obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others. 
obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

kényszerbetegség, OCD

kényszerbetegség, OCD

Ex: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. 
post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

poszttraumás stressz zavar

poszttraumás stressz zavar

Ex: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as combat, a natural disaster, or a serious accident. 
borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

borderline személyiségzavar, határvonali személyiségzavar

borderline személyiségzavar, határvonali személyiségzavar

Ex: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by intense and unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image. 
dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

disszociatív identitászavar, többszörös személyiségzavar

disszociatív identitászavar, többszörös személyiségzavar

Ex: Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities within a single individual. 
coping mechanism

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

megküzdési mechanizmus, megküzdési stratégia

megküzdési mechanizmus, megküzdési stratégia

Ex: Exercise can serve as a coping mechanism for managing stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins and promoting a sense of well-being. 
defense mechanism

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

védekezési mechanizmus, védelmi mechanizmus

védekezési mechanizmus, védelmi mechanizmus

Ex: Denial, a defense mechanism, involves refusing to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation. 
abreaction
abreaction
[Főnév]

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

abreakció, érzelmi felszabadulás

abreakció, érzelmi felszabadulás

Ex: Abreaction can occur during therapy sessions. 
bipolar disorder

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipoláris zavar, manikus-depresszió betegség

bipoláris zavar, manikus-depresszió betegség

Ex: Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include periods of mania (elevated mood) and depression (low mood). 
hypochondria
hypochondria
[Főnév]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hipochondria, egészséggel kapcsolatos szorongás

hipochondria, egészséggel kapcsolatos szorongás

Ex: Hypochondria, also known as illness anxiety disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and fear about having a serious medical illness, despite no or minimal evidence of actual illness. 
kleptomania
kleptomania
[Főnév]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

kleptománia, a lopási kényszer

kleptománia, a lopási kényszer

Ex: Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by a recurrent urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or monetary gain. 
latent content

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

latens tartalom, rejtett jelentés

latens tartalom, rejtett jelentés

Ex: The therapist helped uncover the latent content of her recurring dreams. 
masochism
masochism
[Főnév]

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

masochizmus, masochista hajlam

masochizmus, masochista hajlam

Ex: Masochism involves finding pleasure in experiencing pain. 
narcissism
narcissism
[Főnév]

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

nárcizmus, egocentrizmus

nárcizmus, egocentrizmus

Ex: Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a constant need for admiration from others. 
Oedipus complex

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

Oidipusz-komplexus, Oidipális komplexus

Oidipusz-komplexus, Oidipális komplexus

Ex: The Oedipus complex describes a boy's feelings for his mother. 
psychosomatic disorder

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

pszichoszomatikus zavar, pszichoszomatikus betegség

pszichoszomatikus zavar, pszichoszomatikus betegség

Ex: A psychosomatic disorder is a condition in which physical symptoms are caused or aggravated by psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or emotional distress. 
rationalization

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

racionalizálás

racionalizálás

Ex: Rationalization helps people feel better about their decisions. 
Freudian slip
Freudian slip
[Főnév]

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

Freudi elszólás, tévedés

Freudi elszólás, tévedés

Ex: During his speech, the politician made a Freudian slip, mistakenly referring to his opponent as "my esteemed friend" instead of "my esteemed opponent." 
condensation
condensation
[Főnév]

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

kondenzáció, sűrítés

kondenzáció, sűrítés

Ex: Condensation simplifies intricate psychological processes into understandable forms. 
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