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Listă de Cuvinte Nivel C2 - Psychology

Aici veți învăța toate cuvintele esențiale pentru a vorbi despre Psihologie, adunate special pentru elevii de nivel C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
catharsis
catharsis
[substantiv]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

catharsis, purificare emoțională

catharsis, purificare emoțională

Ex: Writing in a journal can provide a sense of catharsis, allowing individuals to express and process their emotions. 
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neurosis
neurosis
[substantiv]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neuroză, tulburare nevrotică

neuroză, tulburare nevrotică

Ex: Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning. 
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dissociation
dissociation
[substantiv]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

disociere, deconectare

disociere, deconectare

Ex: Dissociation can lead to memory gaps or amnesia, where individuals may forget significant portions of their experiences. 
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cognitive behavioral therapy

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

terapia cognitiv-comportamentală, TCC

terapia cognitiv-comportamentală, TCC

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. 
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psyche
psyche
[substantiv]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

sufletul, psihicul

sufletul, psihicul

Ex: Many cultures believe the psyche survives after death. 
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psychosis
psychosis
[substantiv]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psihoză, stare psihotică

psihoză, stare psihotică

Ex: Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, often manifesting as hallucinations or delusions. 
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body dysmorphic disorder

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

tulburare dismorfică corporală, dismorfofobie

tulburare dismorfică corporală, dismorfofobie

Ex: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where individuals obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others. 
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obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

tulburare obsesiv-compulsivă, OCD

tulburare obsesiv-compulsivă, OCD

Ex: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. 
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post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

tulburare de stres posttraumatic

tulburare de stres posttraumatic

Ex: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as combat, a natural disaster, or a serious accident. 
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borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

tulburare de personalitate borderline, tulburare de personalitate la limita

tulburare de personalitate borderline, tulburare de personalitate la limita

Ex: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by intense and unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image. 
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dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

tulburare de identitate disociativă, tulburare de personalitate multiplă

tulburare de identitate disociativă, tulburare de personalitate multiplă

Ex: Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities within a single individual. 
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coping mechanism
coping mechanism
[substantiv]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

mecanism de adaptare, strategie de coping

mecanism de adaptare, strategie de coping

Ex: Exercise can serve as a coping mechanism for managing stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins and promoting a sense of well-being. 
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defense mechanism
defense mechanism
[substantiv]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

mecanism de apărare, mecanism de protecție

mecanism de apărare, mecanism de protecție

Ex: Denial, a defense mechanism, involves refusing to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation. 
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abreaction
abreaction
[substantiv]

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

abreacție, eliberare emoțională

abreacție, eliberare emoțională

Ex: Abreaction can occur during therapy sessions. 
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bipolar disorder
bipolar disorder
[substantiv]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

tulburare bipolară, boală maniaco-depresivă

tulburare bipolară, boală maniaco-depresivă

Ex: Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include periods of mania (elevated mood) and depression (low mood). 
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hypochondria
hypochondria
[substantiv]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hipohondrie, anxietate privind sănătatea

hipohondrie, anxietate privind sănătatea

Ex: Hypochondria, also known as illness anxiety disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and fear about having a serious medical illness, despite no or minimal evidence of actual illness. 
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kleptomania
kleptomania
[substantiv]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

cleptomanie, boala de a fura

cleptomanie, boala de a fura

Ex: Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by a recurrent urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or monetary gain. 
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latent content
latent content
[substantiv]

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

conținut latent, sens latent

conținut latent, sens latent

Ex: The therapist helped uncover the latent content of her recurring dreams. 
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masochism
masochism
[substantiv]

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

masochism, tendința masochistă

masochism, tendința masochistă

Ex: Masochism involves finding pleasure in experiencing pain. 
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narcissism
narcissism
[substantiv]

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

narcisism, egocentrism

narcisism, egocentrism

Ex: Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a constant need for admiration from others. 
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Oedipus complex
Oedipus complex
[substantiv]

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

complexul lui Oedip, complexul edipal

complexul lui Oedip, complexul edipal

Ex: The Oedipus complex describes a boy's feelings for his mother. 
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psychosomatic disorder

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

tulburare psihosomatică, boală psihosomatică

tulburare psihosomatică, boală psihosomatică

Ex: A psychosomatic disorder is a condition in which physical symptoms are caused or aggravated by psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or emotional distress. 
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rationalization
rationalization
[substantiv]

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

raționalizare

raționalizare

Ex: Rationalization helps people feel better about their decisions. 
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Freudian slip
Freudian slip
[substantiv]

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

alunecare freudiană, act eșuat

alunecare freudiană, act eșuat

Ex: During his speech, the politician made a Freudian slip, mistakenly referring to his opponent as "my esteemed friend" instead of "my esteemed opponent." 
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condensation
condensation
[substantiv]

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

condensare, condensarea

condensare, condensarea

Ex: Condensation simplifies intricate psychological processes into understandable forms. 
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