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Lista de Palabras Nivel C2 - Psicología

Aquí aprenderás todas las palabras esenciales para hablar sobre Psicología, recopiladas específicamente para estudiantes de nivel C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
catharsis
catharsis
[Sustantivo]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

catarsis

catarsis

Ex: After months of stress and anxiety, she found catharsis in painting, using art as an outlet for her feelings. 

Después de meses de estrés y ansiedad, encontró catarsis en la pintura, usando el arte como una salida para sus sentimientos.

neurosis
neurosis
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosis

neurosis

Ex: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common treatment for neurosis, helping individuals reframe negative thought patterns and reduce anxiety. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) es un tratamiento común para la neurosis, que ayuda a las personas a reformular patrones de pensamiento negativos y reducir la ansiedad.

dissociation
dissociation
[Sustantivo]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

disociación, desconexión

disociación, desconexión

Ex: Dissociation is commonly associated with conditions like dissociative identity disorder, where distinct personality states emerge. 

La disociación se asocia comúnmente con afecciones como el trastorno de identidad disociativo, donde emergen estados de personalidad distintos.

cognitive behavioral therapy

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

terapia cognitivo-conductual, TCC

terapia cognitivo-conductual, TCC

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in treating a wide range of mental health conditions, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual es efectiva en el tratamiento de una amplia gama de condiciones de salud mental, incluyendo el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) y el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT).

psyche
psyche
[Sustantivo]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

el alma, la psique

el alma, la psique

Ex: The healer focused on restoring the patient's psyche. 

El sanador se centró en restaurar la psique del paciente.

psychosis
psychosis
[Sustantivo]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psicosis

psicosis

Ex: Treatment for psychosis typically involves a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy to help manage symptoms and improve functioning. 

El tratamiento de la psicosis generalmente implica una combinación de medicamentos antipsicóticos y psicoterapia para ayudar a controlar los síntomas y mejorar el funcionamiento.

body dysmorphic disorder

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

TDC

TDC

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used to treat body dysmorphic disorder, helping individuals challenge distorted beliefs about their looks and reduce compulsive behaviors. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) se utiliza comúnmente para tratar el trastorno dismórfico corporal, ayudando a las personas a desafiar creencias distorsionadas sobre su apariencia y reducir comportamientos compulsivos.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

TOC

TOC

Ex: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly exposure and response prevention (ERP), is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder, helping patients confront their fears and reduce compulsive behaviors. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC), particularmente la prevención de exposición y respuesta (ERP), es un tratamiento efectivo para el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, que ayuda a los pacientes a enfrentar sus miedos y reducir los comportamientos compulsivos.

post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

TEPT

TEPT

Ex: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are effective treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, helping individuals process and cope with their trauma. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) y la desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR) son tratamientos efectivos para el trastorno de estrés postraumático, ayudando a las personas a procesar y afrontar su trauma.

borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

trastorno límite de la personalidad

trastorno límite de la personalidad

Ex: Treatment for borderline personality disorder often involves a combination of psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and medication to help manage symptoms. 

El tratamiento para el trastorno límite de la personalidad a menudo implica una combinación de psicoterapia, como la terapia dialéctica conductual (TDC), y medicamentos para ayudar a controlar los síntomas.

dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

trastorno de identidad disociativo

trastorno de identidad disociativo

Ex: Trauma, particularly in childhood, is often associated with the development of dissociative identity disorder, as a coping mechanism to escape from overwhelming or traumatic experiences. 

El trauma, particularmente en la infancia, a menudo se asocia con el desarrollo del trastorno de identidad disociativo, como un mecanismo de afrontamiento para escapar de experiencias abrumadoras o traumáticas.

coping mechanism
coping mechanism
[Sustantivo]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

mecanismo de afrontamiento, estrategia de coping

mecanismo de afrontamiento, estrategia de coping

Ex: Social support from friends, family, or support groups can be a valuable coping mechanism for dealing with challenging life events or emotional difficulties. 

El apoyo social de amigos, familia o grupos de apoyo puede ser un mecanismo de afrontamiento valioso para lidiar con eventos de vida desafiantes o dificultades emocionales.

defense mechanism
defense mechanism
[Sustantivo]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

mecanismo de defensa, mecanismo de protección

mecanismo de defensa, mecanismo de protección

Ex: Sublimation is a defense mechanism where individuals channel unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities. 

La sublimación es un mecanismo de defensa donde los individuos canalizan impulsos inaceptables en actividades socialmente aceptables.

abreaction
abreaction
[Sustantivo]

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

abreacción, liberación emocional

abreacción, liberación emocional

Ex: The goal of therapy was to facilitate abreaction. 

El objetivo de la terapia era facilitar la abreacción.

bipolar disorder
bipolar disorder
[Sustantivo]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

trastorno bipolar

trastorno bipolar

Ex: Treatment for bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of medication, such as mood stabilizers and antidepressants, and psychotherapy to help manage symptoms and prevent relapse. 

El tratamiento del trastorno bipolar generalmente implica una combinación de medicamentos, como estabilizadores del estado de ánimo y antidepresivos, y psicoterapia para ayudar a controlar los síntomas y prevenir recaídas.

hypochondria
hypochondria
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hipocondría

hipocondría

Ex: Treatment for hypochondria typically involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help individuals challenge and change their distorted beliefs about health and illness. 

El tratamiento para la hipocondría generalmente implica terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) para ayudar a las personas a desafiar y cambiar sus creencias distorsionadas sobre la salud y la enfermedad.

kleptomania
kleptomania
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

cleptomanía

cleptomanía

Ex: Treatment for kleptomania often involves psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to help individuals understand and manage the underlying impulses and triggers for stealing. 

El tratamiento para la cleptomanía a menudo implica psicoterapia, como la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC), para ayudar a las personas a comprender y manejar los impulsos y desencadenantes subyacentes del robo.

latent content
latent content
[Sustantivo]

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

contenido latente, significado latente

contenido latente, significado latente

Ex: The latent content of dreams often reveals hidden desires or fears. 

El contenido latente de los sueños a menudo revela deseos o miedos ocultos.

masochism
masochism
[Sustantivo]

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

masoquismo, el masoquismo

masoquismo, el masoquismo

Ex: Masochism is often associated with low self-esteem and unresolved emotional issues. 

El masoquismo a menudo se asocia con baja autoestima y problemas emocionales no resueltos.

narcissism
narcissism
[Sustantivo]

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

narcisismo, egocentrismo

narcisismo, egocentrismo

Ex: She struggled to maintain relationships due to her extreme narcissism, as she often prioritized her own needs above those of others. 

Ella luchó por mantener relaciones debido a su extremo narcisismo, ya que a menudo priorizaba sus propias necesidades por encima de las de los demás.

Oedipus complex
Oedipus complex
[Sustantivo]

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

complejo de Edipo, complejo edípico

complejo de Edipo, complejo edípico

Ex: The Oedipus complex can influence personality development. 

El complejo de Edipo puede influir en el desarrollo de la personalidad.

psychosomatic disorder

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

trastorno psicosomático

trastorno psicosomático

Ex: Treatment for psychosomatic disorders often involves addressing underlying psychological stressors through therapy, relaxation techniques, and stress management strategies. 

El tratamiento de los trastornos psicosomáticos a menudo implica abordar los factores estresantes psicológicos subyacentes a través de terapia, técnicas de relajación y estrategias de manejo del estrés.

rationalization
rationalization
[Sustantivo]

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

racionalización

racionalización

Ex: Rationalization often distorts reality to fit personal beliefs. 

La racionalización a menudo distorsiona la realidad para ajustarse a las creencias personales.

Freudian slip
Freudian slip
[Sustantivo]

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

lapsus freudiano, acto fallido

lapsus freudiano, acto fallido

Ex: The employee, during a job interview, made a Freudian slip by mentioning how much they disliked their current boss. 

El empleado, durante una entrevista de trabajo, cometió un lapsus freudiano al mencionar lo mucho que desaprobaba a su jefe actual.

condensation
condensation
[Sustantivo]

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

condensación, la condensación

condensación, la condensación

Ex: Condensation offers a concise way to convey complex psychological concepts. 

La condensación ofrece una forma concisa de transmitir conceptos psicológicos complejos.

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