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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas C2 - Psychology

Dito mo matututunan ang lahat ng mahahalagang salita para sa pag-uusap tungkol sa Sikolohiya, na tinipon partikular para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
catharsis
[Pangngalan]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

katharsis, pagpapadalisay ng emosyon

katharsis, pagpapadalisay ng emosyon

Ex: Participating in a support group can offer catharsis, as sharing personal stories with others who understand can be incredibly healing .Ang pakikilahok sa isang support group ay maaaring mag-alok ng **catharsis**, dahil ang pagbabahagi ng mga personal na kwento sa iba na nakakaintindi ay maaaring maging lubos na nakakapagpagaling.
neurosis
[Pangngalan]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosis, sakit sa isip

neurosis, sakit sa isip

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .Ang mga sintomas ng **neurosis** ay maaaring kabilangan ng patuloy na mga damdamin ng kalungkutan, pagkairita, at takot, madalas na walang malinaw o makatwirang dahilan.
dissociation
[Pangngalan]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

disosasyon, pagkawala ng koneksyon

disosasyon, pagkawala ng koneksyon

Ex: Dissociation is a complex phenomenon that involves alterations in consciousness , perception , and self-awareness .Ang **dissociation** ay isang kumplikadong penomeno na may kinalaman sa mga pagbabago sa kamalayan, persepsyon, at kamalayan sa sarili.

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT

cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy can be conducted in individual or group settings , and often includes homework assignments to practice new skills outside of sessions .Ang **cognitive behavioral therapy** ay maaaring isagawa sa indibidwal o pangkat na setting, at kadalasang kasama ang mga takdang-aralin upang sanayin ang mga bagong kasanayan sa labas ng mga sesyon.
psyche
[Pangngalan]

the entirety of the human mind, including conscious and unconscious elements, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

isip, kaluluwa

isip, kaluluwa

Ex: Therapists work with individuals to explore and navigate the depths of their psyche during counseling sessions .Ang mga therapist ay nagtatrabaho kasama ang mga indibidwal upang galugarin at mag-navigate sa mga kalaliman ng kanilang **psyche** sa panahon ng mga sesyon ng pagpapayo.
psychosis
[Pangngalan]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

sikosis, kalagayang sikotiko

sikosis, kalagayang sikotiko

Ex: Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders , including schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and severe depression .Ang **Psychosis** ay maaaring maging sintomas ng iba't ibang mga karamdaman sa kalusugan ng isip, kabilang ang schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, at malubhang depresyon.

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

body dysmorphic disorder, sakit sa pag-iisip ng katawan

body dysmorphic disorder, sakit sa pag-iisip ng katawan

Ex: Early diagnosis and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder are essential to prevent the condition from severely impacting an individual 's quality of life and mental health .Ang maagang pagsusuri at paggamot ng **body dysmorphic disorder** ay mahalaga upang maiwasan ang kondisyon na malubhang makaapekto sa kalidad ng buhay at kalusugang pangkaisipan ng isang indibidwal.

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD

obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD

Ex: Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can help manage symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by altering brain chemistry to reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsions .Ang mga gamot tulad ng selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ay maaaring makatulong sa pamamahala ng mga sintomas ng **obsessive-compulsive disorder** sa pamamagitan ng pagbabago ng chemistry ng utak upang mabawasan ang mga obsessive na pag-iisip at compulsions.

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

post-traumatic stress disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder

Ex: Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life .Ang maagang interbensyon at suporta ay mahalaga para sa mga indibidwal na may **post-traumatic stress disorder**, dahil ang napapanahong paggamot ay maaaring makabuluhang mapabuti ang mga resulta at kalidad ng buhay.

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

borderline personality disorder, kaguluhan sa pagkataong borderline

borderline personality disorder, kaguluhan sa pagkataong borderline

Ex: With appropriate therapy and support , individuals with borderline personality disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life .Sa angkop na therapy at suporta, ang mga indibidwal na may **borderline personality disorder** ay maaaring matutong pamahalaan ang kanilang mga sintomas at mapabuti ang kanilang pangkalahatang kalidad ng buhay.

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

dissociative identity disorder, multiple personality disorder

dissociative identity disorder, multiple personality disorder

Ex: Living with dissociative identity disorder can be challenging , as individuals may struggle to maintain a cohesive sense of identity and may experience difficulties in relationships and daily functioning .Ang pamumuhay na may **dissociative identity disorder** ay maaaring maging mahirap, dahil ang mga indibidwal ay maaaring maghirap na mapanatili ang isang magkakaugnay na pakiramdam ng pagkakakilanlan at maaaring makaranas ng mga paghihirap sa mga relasyon at pang-araw-araw na paggana.
coping mechanism
[Pangngalan]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

mekanismo ng pagharap, estratehiya ng pag-cope

mekanismo ng pagharap, estratehiya ng pag-cope

Ex: Avoidance can sometimes be a maladaptive coping mechanism, as individuals may use substances or distractions to temporarily escape from their problems rather than addressing them directly.Ang pag-iwas ay maaaring minsan ay isang maladaptive na **coping mechanism**, dahil ang mga indibidwal ay maaaring gumamit ng mga sangkap o distractions upang pansamantalang makatakas sa kanilang mga problema sa halip na harapin ang mga ito nang direkta.
defense mechanism
[Pangngalan]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

mekanismo ng depensa, mekanismo ng proteksyon

mekanismo ng depensa, mekanismo ng proteksyon

Ex: Humor can serve as a defense mechanism, allowing individuals to find amusement in challenging situations to alleviate tension and anxiety .Ang humor ay maaaring magsilbing **depensa mekanismo**, na nagpapahintulot sa mga indibidwal na makahanap ng kasiyahan sa mga mahirap na sitwasyon upang mabawasan ang tensyon at pagkabalisa.
abreaction
[Pangngalan]

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

abreaksyon, pagpapalaya ng emosyon

abreaksyon, pagpapalaya ng emosyon

Ex: Abreaction helps individuals heal from past traumas .Ang **abreaction** ay tumutulong sa mga indibidwal na gumaling mula sa mga nakaraang trauma.
bipolar disorder
[Pangngalan]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipolar disorder, manic-depressive illness

bipolar disorder, manic-depressive illness

Ex: Support from friends , family , and mental health professionals is essential for individuals with bipolar disorder to effectively manage their condition and improve their quality of life .Ang suporta mula sa mga kaibigan, pamilya, at mga propesyonal sa kalusugang pangkaisipan ay mahalaga para sa mga indibidwal na may **bipolar disorder** upang epektibong pamahalaan ang kanilang kondisyon at mapabuti ang kanilang kalidad ng buhay.
hypochondria
[Pangngalan]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hypochondria, pag-aalala sa kalusugan

hypochondria, pag-aalala sa kalusugan

Ex: Support from mental health professionals , as well as education about the nature of hypochondria and its treatment options , can help individuals with this condition manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life .Ang suporta mula sa mga propesyonal sa kalusugang pangkaisipan, pati na rin ang edukasyon tungkol sa likas na katangian ng **hypochondria** at mga opsyon sa paggamot nito, ay maaaring makatulong sa mga indibidwal na may ganitong kondisyon na pamahalaan ang kanilang mga sintomas at mapabuti ang kanilang kalidad ng buhay.
kleptomania
[Pangngalan]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

kleptomania, ang kleptomania

kleptomania, ang kleptomania

Ex: Support from mental health professionals and support groups can be valuable for individuals with kleptomania in learning coping strategies and preventing relapse into stealing behaviors .Ang suporta mula sa mga propesyonal sa kalusugang pangkaisipan at mga grupo ng suporta ay maaaring maging mahalaga para sa mga indibidwal na may **kleptomania** sa pag-aaral ng mga estratehiya sa pagharap at pag-iwas sa pagbalik sa mga gawi ng pagnanakaw.
latent content
[Pangngalan]

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

latent na nilalaman, nakatagong kahulugan

latent na nilalaman, nakatagong kahulugan

Ex: Identifying the latent content of dreams can be challenging but rewarding .Ang pagtukoy sa **latent content** ng mga panaginip ay maaaring maging mahirap ngunit kapaki-pakinabang.
masochism
[Pangngalan]

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

masokismo, ang masokismo

masokismo, ang masokismo

Ex: Masochism can be harmful if not addressed in therapy .Ang **masochism** ay maaaring makasama kung hindi matugunan sa therapy.
narcissism
[Pangngalan]

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

narsisismo, pagkasarili

narsisismo, pagkasarili

Ex: Despite his outward confidence , his narcissism masked deep-seated insecurities and fear of rejection .Sa kabila ng kanyang panlabas na kumpiyansa, ang kanyang **narsisismo** ay nagtakip ng malalim na insecurities at takot sa pagtanggi.
Oedipus complex
[Pangngalan]

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

Oedipus complex, kompleks ng Oedipus

Oedipus complex, kompleks ng Oedipus

Ex: Many psychologists still debate the significance of the Oedipus complex.Maraming psychologist ang patuloy na pinagtatalunan ang kahalagahan ng **Oedipus complex**.

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

sikomatikong sakit, sikomatikong karamdaman

sikomatikong sakit, sikomatikong karamdaman

Ex: Understanding the connection between psychological factors and physical symptoms is crucial for effectively managing psychosomatic disorders and improving overall well-being .Ang pag-unawa sa koneksyon sa pagitan ng mga sikolohikal na salik at pisikal na sintomas ay mahalaga para sa epektibong pamamahala ng **psychosomatic disorder** at pagpapabuti ng pangkalahatang kagalingan.
rationalization
[Pangngalan]

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

rasyonalisasyon

rasyonalisasyon

Ex: People sometimes resort to rationalization to avoid responsibility .Minsan ang mga tao ay gumagamit ng **rationalization** para maiwasan ang responsibilidad.
Freudian slip
[Pangngalan]

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

Freudian slip, pagkakamaling nagpapakita ng tunay na saloobin

Freudian slip, pagkakamaling nagpapakita ng tunay na saloobin

Ex: The professor, in a Freudian slip, unintentionally revealed his true opinion about the research project, saying, "It's an absolute waste of time and resources."Ang propesor, sa isang **Freudian slip**, ay hindi sinasadyang ibinunyag ang kanyang tunay na opinyon tungkol sa proyekto ng pananaliksik, na nagsasabing, "Ito ay isang ganap na pag-aaksaya ng oras at mga mapagkukunan."
condensation
[Pangngalan]

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

kondensasyon, pagkakondensa

kondensasyon, pagkakondensa

Ex: Dreams often involve condensation, blending different elements into singular symbols .Ang mga panaginip ay madalas na may kinalaman sa **condensation**, na pinagsasama ang iba't ibang elemento sa iisang mga simbolo.
Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas C2
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