C2级单词表 - Psychology

在这里，您将学习所有关于心理学的基本词汇，这些词汇是专门为C2级别的学习者收集的。

审查

闪卡

拼写

测验

开始学习

catharsis

[名词]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

宣泄, 情感净化

Ex: Participating in a support group can offer catharsis, as sharing personal stories with others who understand can be incredibly healing .参加支持小组可以提供**宣泄**，因为与理解的人分享个人故事可以非常治愈。

关闭

neurosis

[名词]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

神经症, 神经官能症

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .**神经症**的症状可能包括持续的悲伤、易怒和恐惧感，通常没有明确或合理的原因。

关闭

dissociation

[名词]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

解离, 断开

Ex: Dissociation is a complex phenomenon that involves alterations in consciousness , perception , and self-awareness .**解离**是一种复杂的现象，涉及意识、感知和自我意识的改变。

关闭

cognitive behavioral therapy

[名词]

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

认知行为疗法, CBT

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy can be conducted in individual or group settings , and often includes homework assignments to practice new skills outside of sessions .**认知行为疗法**可以在个人或团体环境中进行，并且通常包括家庭作业以在课程之外练习新技能。

关闭

psyche

[名词]

the entirety of the human mind, including conscious and unconscious elements, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

心灵, 灵魂

Ex: Dreams provide insight into the psyche.治疗师在咨询过程中与个人合作，探索和引导他们**心灵**的深处。

关闭

psychosis

[名词]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

精神病, 精神病状态

Ex: Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders , including schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and severe depression .**精神病**可能是各种心理健康障碍的症状，包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和严重抑郁症。

关闭

body dysmorphic disorder

[名词]

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

身体畸形恐惧症, 躯体变形障碍

Ex: Early diagnosis and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder are essential to prevent the condition from severely impacting an individual 's quality of life and mental health .早期诊断和治疗**身体畸形障碍**对于防止该病症严重影响个人的生活质量和心理健康至关重要。

关闭

obsessive-compulsive disorder

[名词]

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

强迫症, OCD

Ex: Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can help manage symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by altering brain chemistry to reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsions .诸如选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs）之类的药物可以通过改变大脑化学物质来减少强迫思维和强迫行为，从而帮助管理**强迫症**的症状。

关闭

post-traumatic stress disorder

[名词]

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

创伤后应激障碍

Ex: Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life .对于患有**创伤后应激障碍**的个体来说，早期干预和支持至关重要，因为及时治疗可以显著改善结果和生活质量。

关闭

borderline personality disorder

[名词]

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

边缘型人格障碍, 边缘人格障碍

Ex: With appropriate therapy and support , individuals with borderline personality disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life .通过适当的治疗和支持，患有**边缘型人格障碍**的个体可以学会管理他们的症状并提高他们的整体生活质量。

关闭

dissociative identity disorder

[名词]

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

解离性身份识别障碍, 多重人格障碍

Ex: Living with dissociative identity disorder can be challenging , as individuals may struggle to maintain a cohesive sense of identity and may experience difficulties in relationships and daily functioning .患有**解离性身份障碍**的生活可能具有挑战性，因为个体可能难以保持一致的认同感，并可能在人际关系和日常功能中遇到困难。

关闭

coping mechanism

[名词]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

应对机制, 应对策略

Ex: Avoidance can sometimes be a maladaptive coping mechanism, as individuals may use substances or distractions to temporarily escape from their problems rather than addressing them directly .回避有时可能是一种适应不良的**应对机制**，因为个体可能会使用物质或分心来暂时逃避问题，而不是直接解决它们。

关闭

defense mechanism

[名词]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

防御机制, 保护机制

Ex: Humor can serve as a defense mechanism, allowing individuals to find amusement in challenging situations to alleviate tension and anxiety .幽默可以作为一种**防御机制**，让个人在挑战性的情况中找到乐趣，以缓解紧张和焦虑。

关闭

abreaction

[名词]

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

情绪宣泄, 情感释放

Ex: Abreaction helps individuals heal from past traumas .**情绪宣泄**帮助个人从过去的创伤中愈合。

关闭

bipolar disorder

[名词]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

双相情感障碍, 躁郁症

Ex: Support from friends , family , and mental health professionals is essential for individuals with bipolar disorder to effectively manage their condition and improve their quality of life .来自朋友、家人和心理健康专业人士的支持对于患有**双相情感障碍**的个人有效管理他们的状况并改善他们的生活质量至关重要。

关闭

hypochondria

[名词]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

疑病症, 健康焦虑

Ex: Support from mental health professionals , as well as education about the nature of hypochondria and its treatment options , can help individuals with this condition manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life .心理健康专业人士的支持，以及关于**疑病症**本质及其治疗方案的教育，可以帮助患有这种病症的人管理他们的症状并提高他们的生活质量。

关闭

kleptomania

[名词]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

偷窃癖, 盗窃狂

Ex: Support from mental health professionals and support groups can be valuable for individuals with kleptomania in learning coping strategies and preventing relapse into stealing behaviors .来自心理健康专业人士和支持团体的支持对于患有**偷窃癖**的个人学习应对策略和防止再次出现偷窃行为非常有价值。

关闭

latent content

[名词]

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

潜在内容, 潜在含义

Ex: Identifying the latent content of dreams can be challenging but rewarding .识别梦的**潜在内容**可能具有挑战性但有益。

关闭

masochism

[名词]

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

受虐狂, 受虐倾向

Ex: Masochism can be harmful if not addressed in therapy .如果不通过治疗解决，**受虐狂**可能是有害的。

关闭

narcissism

[名词]

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

自恋, 自我中心

Ex: Despite his outward confidence , his narcissism masked deep-seated insecurities and fear of rejection .尽管他外表自信，但他的**自恋**掩盖了内心深处的不安全感和对被拒绝的恐惧。

关闭

Oedipus complex

[名词]

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

俄狄浦斯情结, 恋母情结

Ex: Many psychologists still debate the significance of the Oedipus complex.许多心理学家仍在讨论**俄狄浦斯情结**的重要性。

关闭

psychosomatic disorder

[名词]

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

心身疾病, 身心症

Ex: Understanding the connection between psychological factors and physical symptoms is crucial for effectively managing psychosomatic disorders and improving overall well-being .理解心理因素和身体症状之间的联系对于有效管理**身心障碍**和改善整体健康至关重要。

关闭

rationalization

[名词]

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

合理化

Ex: People sometimes resort to rationalization to avoid responsibility .人们有时会诉诸**合理化**来逃避责任。

关闭

Freudian slip

[名词]

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

弗洛伊德式口误, 暴露真实想法的错误

Ex: The professor, in a Freudian slip, unintentionally revealed his true opinion about the research project, saying, "It's an absolute waste of time and resources."教授在一个**弗洛伊德式口误**中无意间透露了他对研究项目的真实看法，说：“这完全是时间和资源的浪费。”

关闭

condensation

[名词]

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

凝缩, 压缩

Ex: Dreams often involve condensation, blending different elements into singular symbols .梦境常常涉及**凝缩**，将不同的元素融合成单一的象征。

关闭

C2级单词表

下载LanGeek应用程序